eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
795
798
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.185
3113
Understanding the Role of Public Administration in Implementing Action on the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities
Gemma Carey
gemma.carey@unsw.edu.au
1
Sharon Friel
sharon.friel@anu.edu.au
2
Regulatory Institutions Network, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Regulatory Institutions Network, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Many of the societal level factors that affect health – the ‘social determinants of health (SDH)’ – exist outside the health sector, across diverse portfolios of government, and other major institutions including non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the private sector. This has created growing interest in how to create and implement public policies which will drive better and fairer health outcomes. While designing policies that can improve the SDH is critical, so too is ensuring they are appropriately administered and implemented. In this paper, we draw attention to an important area for future public health consideration – how policies are managed and implemented through complex administrative layers of ‘the state.’ Implementation gaps have long been a concern of public administration scholarship. To precipitate further work in this area, in this paper, we provide an overview of the scholarly field of public administration and highlight its role in helping to understand better the challenges and opportunities for implementing policies and programs to improve health equity.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3113_f8c8e769398c68eab31fb15234e93945.pdf
Social Determinants of Health (SDH)
Health Equity
Public Policy
Implementation
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
799
804
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.171
3102
Rights Language in the Sustainable Development Agenda: Has Right to Health Discourse and Norms Shaped Health Goals?
Lisa Forman
lisa.forman@utoronto.ca
1
Gorik Ooms
gorik.ooms@lshtm.ac.uk
2
Claire Brolan
c.brolan@sph.uq.edu.au
3
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
While the right to health is increasingly referenced in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) discussions, its contribution to global health and development remains subject to considerable debate. This hypothesis explores the potential influence of the right to health on the formulation of health goals in 4 major SDG reports. We analyse these reports through a social constructivist lens which views the use of rights rhetoric as an important indicator of the extent to which a norm is being adopted and/or internalized. Our analysis seeks to assess the influence of this language on goals chosen, and to consider accordingly the potential for rights discourse to promote more equitable global health policy in the future.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3102_f748654b66b60ba48f05187e384a9cc6.pdf
Right to Health
Global Health Policy
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
805
811
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.128
3056
Compliance With Guideline Statements for Urethral Catheterization in an Iranian Teaching Hospital
Negar Taleschian-Tabrizi
n.t.tabrizi@gmail.com
1
Fereshteh Farhadi
fereshteh_farhadi@yahoo.com
2
Neda Madani
madanineda@ymail.com
3
Mohaddeseh Mokhtarkhani
m_mokhtarkhani@yahoo.com
4
Kasra Kolahdouzan
kakol_72@yahoo.com
5
Sakineh Hajebrahimi
hajebrahimis@gmail.com
6
Students’ Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Students’ Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Students’ Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Students’ Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Students’ Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Department of Urology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Background It is believed that healthcare staff play an important role in minimizing complications related to urethral catheterization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not healthcare staff complied with the standards for urethral catheterization. Methods This study was conducted in Imam Reza teaching hospital, Tabriz, Iran, from July to September 2013. A total of 109 catheterized patients were selected randomly from surgical and medical wards and intensive care units (ICUs). A questionnaire was completed by healthcare staff for each patient to assess quality of care provided for catheter insertion, while catheter in situ, draining and changing catheter bags. Items of the questionnaire were obtained from guidelines for the prevention of infection. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 16. Results The mean age of the patients was 50.54 ± 22.13. Of the 109 patients, 56.88% were admitted to ICUs. The mean duration of catheter use was 15.86 days. Among the 25 patients who had a urinalysis test documented in their hospital records, 11 were positive for urinary tract infection (UTI). The lowest rate of hand-washing was reported before bag drainage (49.52%). The closed drainage catheter system was not available at all. Among the cases who had a daily genital area cleansing, in 27.63% cases, the patients or their family members performed the washing. In 66.35% of cases, multiple-use lubricant gel was applied; single-use gel was not available. The rate of documentation for bag change was 79%. Conclusion The majority of the guideline statements was adhered to; however, some essential issues, such as hand hygiene were neglected. And some patients were catheterized routinely without proper indication. Limiting catheter use to mandatory situations and encouraging compliance with guidelines are recommended.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3056_6dc8e29a075a8f09d69400260bb3d735.pdf
Urethral Catheter
Clinical Guideline
Standards
Teaching Hospital
Healthcare Staff
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI)
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
813
821
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.157
3083
Trouble Spots in Online Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion: A Content Analysis of FDA Warning Letters
Hyosun Kim
hskim.kor@gmail.com
1
School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Background For the purpose of understanding the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) concerns regarding online promotion of prescription drugs advertised directly to consumers, this study examines notices of violations (NOVs) and warning letters issued by the FDA to pharmaceutical manufacturers. Methods The FDA’s warning letters and NOVs, which were issued to pharmaceutical companies over a 10-year period (2005 to 2014) regarding online promotional activities, were content-analyzed. Results Six violation categories were identified: risk information, efficacy information, indication information, product labeling, material information issues, and approval issues. The results reveal that approximately 95% of the alleged violations were found on branded drug websites, in online paid advertisements, and in online videos. Of the total 179 violations, the majority of the alleged violations were concerned with the lack of risk information and/or misrepresentation of efficacy information, suggesting that achieving a fair balance of benefit versus risk information is a major problem with regard to the direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs. In addition, the character space limitations of online platforms, eg, sponsored links on search engines, pose challenges for pharmaceutical marketers with regard to adequately communicating important drug information, such as indication information, risk information, and product labeling. Conclusion Presenting drug information in a fair and balanced manner remains a major problem. Industry guidance should consider addressing visibility and accessibility of information in the web environment to help pharmaceutical marketers meet the requirements for direct-to-consumer promotion and to protect consumers from misleading drug information. Promotion via social media warrants further attention, as pharmaceutical manufacturers have already begun actively establishing a social media presence, and the FDA has thus begun to keep tabs on social media promotions of prescription drugs.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3083_c5885a53cd19640e9d9aa3171a12269f.pdf
Pharmaceutical
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Fair Balance of Information
Online Promotion of Prescription Drugs
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
823
829
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.162
3091
Biopharmaceutical Innovation System in China: System Evolution and Policy Transitions (Pre-1990s-2010s)
Hao Hu
haohu@um.edu.mo
1
Chao-Chen Chung
chaochen.chung@gmail.com
2
Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
Department of Political Science, National ChengKung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Background: This article sets up the initial discussion of the evolution of biopharmaceutical innovation in China through the perspective of sectoral innovation system (SIS).Methods: Two data sources including archival documentary data and field interviews were used in this study. Archival documentary data was collected from China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In addition, industrial practitioners and leading researchers in academia were interviewed.Results: Biopharmaceutical in China was established through international knowledge transfer. The firms played more active role in commercializing biopharmaceutical in China though universities and research institutes were starting to interact with local firms and make contribution to biopharmaceutical industrialization. The transition of the Chinese government’s policies continuously shapes the evolution of biopharmaceutical sector. Policies have been dramatic changes before and after 1980s to encourage developing biopharmaceutical as a competitive industry for China.Conclusion: A SIS for biopharmaceutical has been shaped in China. However, currently biopharmaceutical is still a small sector in China, and for the further growth of the industry more synthetic policies should be implemented. Not only the policy supports towards the research and innovation of biopharmaceuticals in the early stage of development should be attended, but also commercialization of biopharmaceutical products in the later stage of sales.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3091_6de361678216af22312274cced61c275.pdf
Biopharmaceutical
Sectoral Innovation System (SIS)
China
Pharmaceutical Industry
Biotechnology
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
831
834
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.172
3098
James Bond and Global Health Diplomacy
Sebastian Kevany
sebastian.kevany@ucsf.edu
1
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
In the 21st Century, distinctions and boundaries between global health, international politics, and the broader interests of the global community are harder to define and enforce than ever before. As a result, global health workers, leaders, and institutions face pressing questions around the nature and extent of their involvement with non-health endeavors, including international conflict resolution, counter-terrorism, and peace-keeping, under the global health diplomacy (GHD) paradigm.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3098_b2263ea94f541fed485e63d0c2f024f1.pdf
Global Health
Counter-Terrorism
Security
Foreign Policy
Diplomacy
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
835
835
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.141
3072
Middle Age Like Fight or Modern Symbiosis?; Comment on “Substitutes or Complements? Diagnosis and Treatment With Non-conventional and Conventional Medicine”
Michael Frass
michael.frass@meduniwien.ac.at
1
Department of Internal Medicine I, Outpatient Unit Homeopathy in Malignant Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used by patients worldwide. Financial factors may influence the decision to use CAM. National Health Systems are requested to consider CAM in their health plans.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3072_d6db11946563bf94032344f735b202e9.pdf
Western Medicine (WM)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
National Health
System
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
837
839
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.145
3073
Policy Capacity Is Necessary but Not Sufficient; Comment on “Health Reform Requires Policy Capacity”
Sheldon Gen
sgen@sfsu.edu
1
Amy Wright
acwright@uow.edu.au
2
School of Public Affairs & Civic Engagement, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
Policy capacity focuses on the managerial and organizational abilities to inform policy decisions with sound research and analysis, and facilitate policy implementation with operational efficiency. It stems from a view of the policy process that is rational and positivistic, in which optimal policy choices can be identified, selected, and implemented with objectivity. By itself, however, policy capacity neglects the political aspects of policy-making that can dominate the process, even in health policies. These technical capabilities are certainly needed to advance reforms in health policies, but they are not sufficient. Instead, they must be complemented with public engagement and policy advocacy to ensure support from the public that policies are meant to serve.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3073_beeb58ca172d6e656bb4b57834a6dc52.pdf
Policy Analysis
Policy Capacity
Policy Advocacy
Public Engagement
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
841
843
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.147
3074
Policy Capacity in the Learning Healthcare System; Comment on “Health Reform Requires Policy Capacity”
William Gardner
william.p.gardner@gmail.com
1
Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Pierre-Gerlier Forest and his colleagues make a strong argument for the need to expand policy capacity among healthcare actors. In this commentary, I develop an additional argument in support of Forest et al view. Forest et al rightly point to the need to have embedded policy experts to successfully translate healthcare reform policy into healthcare change. Translation of externally generated innovation policy into local solutions is only one source of healthcare system change. We also need to build learning healthcare systems that can discover new health solutions at the frontline of care. Enhanced policy capacity staffing in those organizations will be key to building continuously learning health systems.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3074_4f5b593b1d836ae5c68388247725625f.pdf
Policy Capacity
Learning Health System
Large Scale Healthcare Organizations
Knowledge
Translation
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
845
847
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.150
3075
An Untapped Resource: Patient and Public Involvement in Implementation; Comment on “Knowledge Mobilization in Healthcare Organizations: A View From the Resource-Based View of the Firm”
Christopher Burton
c.burton@bangor.ac.uk
1
Jo Rycroft-Malone
hss401@bangor.ac.uk
2
School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
This commentary considers the potential role of patient and public involvement in implementation. Developing an analytical thread from the resource-based view of the Firm, we argue that this involvement may create unique resources that have the capacity to enhance the impact of implementation activity for healthcare organisations.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3075_b059c9a2fb729b13ae03164892d2c11f.pdf
Resource-Based-View
Implementation
Patient Involvement
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
849
851
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.152
3079
Balancing Management and Leadership in Complex Health Systems; Comment on “Management Matters: A Leverage Point for Health Systems Strengthening in Global Health”
Aku Kwamie
agkwamie@hotmail.com
1
Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
Health systems, particularly those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), need stronger management and leadership capacities. Management and leadership are not synonymous, yet should be considered together as there can be too much of one and not enough of the other. In complex adaptive health systems, the multiple interactions and relationships between people and elements of the system mean that management and leadership, so often treated as domains of the individual, are additionally systemic phenomena, emerging from these relational interactions. This brief commentary notes some significant implications for how we can support capacity strengthening interventions for complex management and leadership. These would necessarily move away from competency-based models focused on training for individuals, and would rather encompass longer-term initiatives explicitly focused on systemic goals of accountability, innovation, and learning.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3079_fc3065f261fa4f0f6af38d0703b01fe2.pdf
Management
Leadership
Complexity
Health Systems
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
853
855
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.155
3082
The Pill vs. the Sword: Additional Considerations; Comment on “The Pill Is Mightier Than the Sword”
Ilsa Lottes
lottes@umbc.edu
1
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
In this paper, I present additional information for policy-makers and researchers to consider in response to the view proposed by Potts et al that “the pill is mightier than the sword.” I identify states with both high rates of terrorism and a youth bulge and discuss correlates of both these societal characteristics. The research examined supports the view that factors other than access to family planning are more important in facilitating terrorism.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3082_2445585bac1ef05fb3f2452381b0b03a.pdf
Terrorism
Family Planning
Gender Inequality
Security
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
857
859
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.154
3084
Interregional Patient Mobility in the Italian NHS: A Case of Badly-Managed Decentralization; Comment on “Regional Incentives and Patient Cross-Border Mobility: Evidence From the Italian Experience”
Stefano Neri
stefano.neri@unimi.it
1
Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
The article by Brenna and Spandonaro on interregional mobility for acute hospital care in Italy raises important issues concerning social and territorial equity in a healthcare system. Based on Regions and private providers’ strategic behavior, the hypothesis adopted to explain patient cross-border mobility (CBM), demonstrated by statistical analysis, may be further explored using qualitative methods. In order to reduce CBM, the central government needs to play a more active role in coordination, even in a highly decentralized National Health Service (NHS).
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3084_a536fa8c569439c2bdbaa5cc715ad4b5.pdf
Patient Mobility
Italian National Health Service (NHS)
Decentralization
Managed Competition
Patient Choice
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
861
863
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.158
3085
Management Education in Public Health: Further Considerations; Comment on “Management Matters: A Leverage Point for Health Systems Strengthening in Global Health”
Kurt Darr
profdarr@gwu.edu
1
Department of Health Services Management and Leadership, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Knowing and applying the basic management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling, as well as their permutations and combinations, are vital to effective delivery of public health services. Presently, graduate programs that prepare public health professionals neither emphasize teaching management theory, nor its application. This deficit puts those who become managers in public health and those they serve at a distinct disadvantage. This deficit can be remedied by enhanced teaching of management subjects.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3085_1536c960df12aa4d86ba9795bbb0af1a.pdf
Management
Values
Politicization
Utilitarianism
Continuing Education
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
865
868
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.159
3086
Necessary but Not Sufficient…; Comment on “Knowledge Mobilization in Healthcare Organizations: A View From the Resource-Based View of the Firm”
Gill Harvey
gillian.harvey@flinders.edu.au
1
Alison Kitson
alison.kitson@flinders.edu.au
2
School of Nursing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
School of Nursing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
The challenge of mobilizing knowledge to improve patient care, population health and ensure effective use of resources is an enduring one in healthcare systems across the world. This commentary reflects on an earlier paper by Ferlie and colleagues that proposes the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm as a useful theoretical lens through which to study knowledge mobilization in healthcare. Specifically, the commentary considers 3 areas that need to be addressed in relation to the proposed application of RBV: the definition of competitive advantage in healthcare; the contribution of macro level theory to understanding knowledge mobilization in healthcare; and the need to embrace and align multiple theories at the micro, meso, and macro levels of implementation.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3086_1cdf60f6c016d4beb49ed4e468f00657.pdf
Knowledge Mobilization
Resource-Based View (RBV)
Implementation
Healthcare
Context
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
869
872
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.156
3087
Moving Toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) to Achieve Inclusive and Sustainable Health Development: Three Essential Strategies Drawn From Asian Experience; Comment on “Improving the World’s Health Through the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Perspectives from Rwanda”
Ye Xu
yex287@mail.harvard.edu
1
Cheng Huang
chenghuang@gwu.edu
2
Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
uriyoan@gwu.edu
3
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and the World Bank Group, Boston, MA, USA
Milken School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Milken School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Binagwaho and colleagues’ perspective piece provided a timely reflection on the experience of Rwanda in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and a proposal of 5 principles to carry forward in post-2015 health development. This commentary echoes their viewpoints and offers three lessons for health policy reforms consistent with these principles beyond 2015. Specifically, we argue that universal health coverage (UHC) is an integrated solution to advance the global health development agenda, and the three essential strategies drawn from Asian countries’ health reforms toward UHC are: (1) Public financing support and sequencing health insurance expansion by first extending health insurance to the extremely poor, vulnerable, and marginalized population are critical for achieving UHC; (2) Improved quality of delivered care ensures supply-side readiness and effective coverage; (3) Strategic purchasing and results-based financing creates incentives and accountability for positive changes. These strategies were discussed and illustrated with experience from China and other Asian economies.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3087_edf641879dcbe0cd98e42accf3ca1c62.pdf
Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
Sustainable Development
Asia
China
Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs)
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
2322-5939
2015-12-01
4
12
873
874
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.180
3106
What Money Cannot Buy? Compassion in Healthcare: A Response to the Recent Commentaries
Marianna Fotaki
marianna.fotaki@wbs.ac.uk
1
Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3106_7b285fa8ca79c63712bd43cac409f508.pdf
Compassion
Healthcare
Ethics