ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Collaboration and Co-Production of Knowledge in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges
Over time there has been a shift, at least in the rhetoric, from a pipeline conceptualisation of knowledge implementation, to one that recognises the potential of more collaboration, co-productive approaches to knowledge production and use. In this editorial, which is grounded in our research and collective experience, we highlight both the potential and challenge with collaboration and co-production. This includes issues about stakeholder engagement, governance arrangements, and capacity and capability for working in a coproductive way. Finally, we reflect on the fact that this approach is not a panacea, but is accompanied by some philosophical and practical challenges.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3152_02649745e3603ef9302cae1d42b89900.pdf
2016-04-01
221
223
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.08
Knowledge Translation (KT)
Knowledge
Co-production
Collaboration
Jo
Rycroft-Malone
j.rycroft-malone1@lancaster.ac.uk
1
School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Christopher
Burton
c.burton@bangor.ac.uk
2
School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
AUTHOR
Tracey
Bucknall
tracey.bucknall@deakin.edu.au
3
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
AUTHOR
Ian D.
Graham
igraham@ohri.ca
4
School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine & Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
AUTHOR
Alison
Hutchinson
alison.hutchinson@deakin.edu.au
5
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
AUTHOR
Dawn
Stacey
dawn.stacey@uottawa.ca
6
School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
AUTHOR
Greenhalgh T, Wierenga S. Is it time to drop the knowledge translation metaphor? A critical literature review. Journal of Royal Society of Medicine. 2011;104:501-509. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2011.110285
1
Glasziou P, Altman DG, Bossuyt P, et al. Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research. Lancet. 2014;383(9913):267-276. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62228-x
2
Rycroft-Malone J. From knowing to doing- from the academy to practice. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2014;2(1):45-46. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.08
3
Nowotny H, Scott P, Gibbons M. Rethinking Science: Knowledge in an Age of Uncertainty. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2001.
4
Van de Ven A. Engaged Scholarship: A Guide for Organizational and Social Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.
5
Scott A, Skea J, Robinson J, Shove E. Designing ‘interactive’ environmental research for wider social relevance (Special Briefing No.3). ESRC Global Environmental Change Programme, University of Sussex; 1999
6
Jagosh J, Macaulay AC, Pluye P, et al. Uncovering the benefits of participatory research: implications of a realist review for health research and practice. Milbank Q. 2012;90(2):311-346. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00665.x
7
Strauss SE, Tetroe JM, Graham ID. Knowledge Translation in Healthcare. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell; 2013
8
Graham ID, Tetroe JM, Pearson A, eds. Turning Knowledge into Action: Pratical Guidance on How to Do Integrated Knowledge Translation Research. Wolters Kluwer-Joanna Briggs Institute Synthesis Series in Healthcare. Book 21. Philadelphia; Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2014
9
Armitage D, Berkes F, Dale A, Kocho-Schellenberg E, Patton E. Co-management and the co-production of knowledge: Learning to adapt in Canada's Arctic. Glob Environ Change. 2011;21(3):995-1004. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.04.006
10
Graham ID, Harrison MB, Cerniuk B, Bauer S. A community-researcher alliance to improve chronic wound care. Healthcare Policy. 2007;2(4):72-78. doi:10.12927/hcpol.2007.18876
11
Rycroft-Malone J, Burton C, Wilkinson J, et al. Collective action for knowledge mobilisation: a realist evaluation of the collaborations for leadership in applied health research and care. Health Serv Deliv Res. 2015;3(44). doi:10.12927/hcpol.2007.18876
12
Bucknall T. Bridging the know-do gap in health care through integrated knowledge translation. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2012;9(4):193-194. doi:10.1111/j.1741-6787.2012.00263.x
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Priority Setting for Improvement of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Iran
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Organized cervical screening and vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV) have been successful interventions for prevention of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Because of cultural and religious considerations, ICC has low incidence in Iran and many other Muslim countries. There is no organized cervical screening in these countries. Therefore, ICC is usually diagnosed in advanced stages with poor prognosis in these countries. We performed a priority setting exercise and suggested priorities for prevention of ICC in this setting. Methods We invited experts and researchers to a workshop and asked them to list important suggestions for ICC prevention in Iran. After merging similar items and removing the duplicates, we asked the experts to rank the list of suggested items. We used a strategy grid and Go-zone analysis to determine final list of priorities for ICC prevention in Iran. Results From 26 final items suggested as priorities for prevention of ICC, the most important priorities were developing national guidelines for cervical screening and quality control protocol for patient follow-up and management of precancerous lesions. In addition, we emphasized considering insurance coverage for cervical screening, public awareness, and research priorities, and establishment of a cervical screening registry. Conclusion A comprehensive approach and implementation of organized cervical screening program is necessary for prevention of ICC in Iran and other low incidence Muslim countries. Because of high cost for vaccination and low incidence of cervical cancer, we do not recommend HPV vaccination for the time being in Iran.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3131_647cfc6bf6673efb488587414bb65dd6.pdf
2016-04-01
225
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10.15171/ijhpm.2015.201
Invasive Cervical Cancer (ICC)
Priority Setting
Screening
Prevention and Control
Iran
Azam
Majidi
majidi_a@razi.tums.ac.ir
1
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Ghiasvand
ghiasvandr@gmail.com
2
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Hadji
hajimaryam88@yahoo.com
3
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Azin
Nahvijou
aznahvi@yahoo.com
4
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Azam-Sadat
Mousavi
azamsadat_mousavi@yahoo.com
5
Department of Genecology Oncology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Minoo
Pakgohar
mpakgohar@razi.tums.ac.ir
6
Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nahid
Khodakarami
khodakarami@sbmu.ac.ir
7
Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrandokht
Abedini
mehran2kht@yahoo.com
8
Deputy of Public Health, Maternal Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farnaz
Amouzegar Hashemi
amoozfar@sina.tums.ac.ir
9
Radiotherapy Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Marjan
Rahnamaye Farzami
marjan.farzami@gmail.com
10
Central Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Shahsiah
shahsiah@sina.tums.ac.ir
11
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sima
Sajedinejhad
sima.amis@gmail.com
12
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Mohagheghi
mamohagheghi@yahoo.com
13
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Nadali
nadalifa@yahoo.com
14
Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Rashidian
arash.rashidian@gmail.com
15
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Elisabete
Weiderpass
elisabete.weiderpass.vainio@ki.se
16
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AUTHOR
Ole
Mogensen
ole.mogensen@ouh.regionsyddanmark.dk
17
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
AUTHOR
Kazem
Zendehdel
kzendeh@tums.ac.ir
18
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nathalie B, O’Neal Eckert L, Andreas U, Paul B. Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control: A Guide to Essential Practice . 2nd ed. Austuralia: World Health Organization; 2014.
1
Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol. 1999;189(1):12-19.
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Campbell CMP, Menezes LJ, Paskett ED, Giuliano AR. Prevention of invasive cervical cancer in the United States: past, present, and future. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(9):1402-1408. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1158
3
Barnholtz-Sloan J, Patel N, Rollison D, Kortepeter K, MacKinnon J, Giuliano A. Incidence trends of invasive cervical cancer in the United States by combined race and ethnicity. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(7):1129-1138. doi:10.1007/s10552-009-9317-z
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Vaccarella S, Lortet-Tieulent J, Plummer M, Franceschi S, Bray F. Worldwide trends in cervical cancer incidence: impact of screening against changes in disease risk factors. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(15):3262-3273.
5
Zwaveling S, Mota SCF, Nouta J, et al. Established human papillomavirus type 16-expressing tumors are effectively eradicated following vaccination with long peptides. J Immunol. 2002;169(1):350-358. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.350
6
Dikshit R, Gupta PC, Ramasundarahettige C, et al. Cancer mortality in India: a nationally representative survey. Lancet. 2012;379(9828):1807-1816. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60358-4
7
Wasti S, Ahmed W, Jafri A, Khan B, Sohail R, Hassan S. Analysis of cervical smears in a Muslim population. Ann Saudi Med. 2004;24:189-192.
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Badar F, Anwar N, Meerza F, Sultan F. Cervical carcinoma in a Muslim community. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007;8(1):24.
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GLOBOCAN 2012. Estimated Cancer Incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012; 2014. http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx
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Khorasanizadeh F, Hassanloo J, Khaksar N, et al. Epidemiology of cervical cancer and human papilloma virus infection among Iranian women - analyses of national data and systematic review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;128(2):277-281. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.11.032
11
Bhurgri Y, Nazir K, Shaheen Y, et al. Patho-epidemiology of cancer cervix in Karachi South. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007;8(3):357.
12
Wong YL, Chinna K, Mariapun J, Shuib R. Correlates between risk perceptions of cervical cancer and screening practice. Prev Med. 2013;57:S24-S26.
13
De Alba I, Hubbell FA, McMullin JM, Sweningson JM, Saitz R. Impact of US citizenship status on cancer screening among immigrant women. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(3):290-296. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.40158.x
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Sengul D, Altinay S, Oksuz H, Demirturk H, Korkmazer E. Population-based cervical screening outcomes in Turkey over a period of approximately nine and a half years with emphasis on results for women aged 30-34. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15:2069-2074. doi:10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.5.2069
15
Behnamfar F, Azadehrah M. Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer in iran-a survey in isfahan city. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;16(2):635-639. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2069
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Mitton C, Donaldson C. Health care priority setting: principles, practice and challenges. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2004;2(1):3. doi:10.1186/1478-7547-2-3
17
World Health Organization (WHO). Priority Setting Methodologies in Health Research:A workshop convened by WHO's Cluster on Information, Evidence and Research (IER), its Department for Research Policy and Cooperation (RPC) and the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). Geneva: WHO; 2008.
18
Bryant J, Sanson-Fisher R, Walsh J, Stewart J. Health research priority setting in selected high income countries: a narrative review of methods used and recommendations for future practice. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2014;12:23. doi:10.1186/1478-7547-12-23
19
Forman D, Bray F, Brewster D, et al. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Lyon: IARC; 2013.
20
Viergever RF, Olifson S, Ghaffar A, Terry RF. A checklist for health research priority setting: nine common themes of good practice. Health Res Policy Syst. 2010;8:36.
21
Al Eyd GJ, Shaik RB. Rate of opportunistic pap smear screening and patterns of epithelial cell abnormalities in pap smears in Ajman, United arab emirates. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2012;12(4):473.
22
Sancho-Garnier H, Khazraji YC, Cherif MH, et al. Overview of cervical cancer screening practices in the Extended Middle East and North Africa countries. Vaccine. 2013;31:G51-G57. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.046
23
Nahvijou A, Hadji M, BaratiMarnani A, et al. A systematic review of economic aspects of cervical cancer screening strategies worldwide: discrepancy between economic analysis and policymaking. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(19):8229-8237.
24
Khodakarami N, Farzaneh F, Yavari P, Khayamzadeh M, Taheripanah R, Akbari ME. The New Guideline for Cervical Cancer Screening in Low Risk Iranian Women. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2014;17(95):8-17. [in persian].
25
26. Cronjé H. Cervical screening strategies in resourced and resource-constrained countries. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;25(5):575-584. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.05.002
26
Nahvijou A, Sari AA, Zendehdel K, Marnani AB. Management of precancerous cervical lesions in iran: a cost minimizing study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(19):8209. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8209
27
Nwankwo K, Aniebue U, Aguwa E, Anarado A, Agunwah E. Knowledge attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening among urban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screening. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2011;20(3):362-367. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01175.x
28
Eaker S, Adami HO, Sparen P. Reasons women do not attend screening for cervical cancer: a population-based study in Sweden. Prev Med. 2001;32(6):482-491. doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0844
29
Jalalvandi M, Khodadoostan M. Married women and pap smear, what they know? how they do? Iran J Nurs. 2005;18(41):139-144.
30
Farzaneh F, Shirvani HE, Barouti E, Salehpour S, Khodakarami N, Alizadeh K. Knowledge and attitude of women regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, its relationship to cervical cancer and prevention methods. Med J Malaysia. 2011;66(5):468-473.
31
Abedian Z, Dormahammadi M. Investigating awareness, attitude and practice of women who referred to health centers of Mashhad city toward Pop smear. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2013;15(36):22-28.
32
Javanmanesh F, Dadkhah F, Zarepour N. Knowledge and awareness among Iranian women regarding the pap smear. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2008;22(2):68-73.
33
Zendehdel K, Sedigh Z, Hassanloo J, Nahvijou A. Audit of a nationwide pathology-based cancer registry in Iran. BCCR. 2011;2:7-13.
34
Etemadi A, Sadjadi A, Semnani S, Nouraie SM, Khademi H, Bahadori M. Cancer registry in Iran: a brief overview. Arch Iran Med. 2008;11(5):577-580.
35
Zendehdel K. Completeness and underestimation of cancer mortality rate in Iran: a report from Fars province in Southern Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2015;18(3):160.
36
Arbyn M, Anttila A, Jordan J, et al. European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening. Second edition--summary document. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(3):448-458. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp471
37
Andrae B, Kemetli L, Sparen P, et al. Screening-preventable cervical cancer risks: evidence from a nationwide audit in Sweden. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(9):622-629.
38
Azerkan F, Sparen P, Sandin S, Tillgren P, Faxelid E, Zendehdel K. Cervical screening participation and risk among Swedish-born and immigrant women in Sweden. Int J Cancer. 2012;130(4):937-947. doi:10.1002/ijc.26084
39
Cutts FT, Franceschi S, Goldie S, et al. Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccines: a review. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(9):719-726. doi:10.2471/blt.06.038414
40
Stanley M. Human papillomavirus vaccines versus cervical cancer screening. Clin Oncol. 2008;20(6):388-394. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2008.04.006
41
Khatibi M, Rasekh HR, Shahverdi Z. Cost-effectiveness evaluation of quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine for hpv-related disease in Iran. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(Suppl):225.
42
Chalmers I, Bracken MB, Djulbegovic B, et al. How to increase value and reduce waste when research priorities are set. Lancet. 2014;383(9912):156-165. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62229-1
43
Neema S. Community participation in essential national health research process: Uganda's Experience. Report for COHRED's Working Group on Community Participation. Makerere Institute of Social Science, Makerere University, Uganda; 1999.
44
Mbewu A, Mngomezulu K. Health Research in South Africa. The South African Health Review. Durban: Health Systems Trust; 1999.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Vaccine Wastage Assessment After Introduction of Open Vial Policy in Surat Municipal Corporation Area of India
Background As per the vaccine management policy of the Government of India all vaccine vials opened for an immunization session were discarded at the end of that session, irrespective of the type of vaccine or the number of doses remaining in the vial prior to 2013. Subsequently, open vial policy (OVP) was introduced in 2013 and should reduce both vaccine wastage as well as governmental healthcare costs for immunization. This study evaluates the vaccine wastage after introduction of the OVP and its comparison with the previous study of vaccine wastage in Surat city before implementation of OVP. It needs to mention that the vaccine policy for this period under comparison was uniform except for the OVP. Methods Information regarding vaccine doses consumed and children vaccinated during immunization sessions of 24 urban health centers (UHCs) of Surat city were retrieved for the period of January 1st, 2014 to March 31st, 2014. The data were analyzed to estimate vaccine wastage rate (WR) and vaccine wastage factor (WF). In order to assess the impact of OVP, vaccine WR of this study was compared with that of previous study conducted in Surat city during January 1st, 2012 to March 31st, 2012. Results The vaccine WR for oral polio vaccine (OPV) has decreased from 25% to 13.62%, while the WRs for DPT, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the pentavalent vaccine combinedly have decreased from 17.94% to 8.05%. Thus, by implementation of OVP, an estimated 747 727 doses of OPV and 343 725 doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus toxoid vaccine (DPT), HBV and the pentavalent vaccines combinedly have been saved in Surat city of India in a year. Conclusion The implementation of the OVP in Surat city has led to a significant lowering in the vaccine wastage, leading to savings due to lower vaccine requirements.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3137_5d9e68112265f805fd4ebea8f60cbc9f.pdf
2016-04-01
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10.15171/ijhpm.2015.208
Open Vial Policy (OVP)
Vaccine Wastage Rate (WR)
Vaccine Wastage Factor (WF)
Pentavalent
Vaccine
Prakash
Patel
drpbpatel@gmail.com
1
Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, India
AUTHOR
Jayesh
Rana
dr.jayeshrana@gmail.com
2
Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sunil G.
Jangid
dr.sunil_jangid@yahoo.com
3
Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, India
AUTHOR
Neha
Bavarva
nehabavarva@gmail.com
4
Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, India
AUTHOR
Manan
Patel
mananpatel14@gmail.com
5
Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, India
AUTHOR
Raj Kumar
Bansal
drrkbansal@gmail.com
6
Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, India
AUTHOR
Mukherjee A, Das V, Shrivastava A, et al. An assessment of wastage multiplier factor and percent wastage of vaccines during routine immunization under UIP, Govt. of India. J Vaccines Vaccin. 2010;4(3):181-185. doi:10.4172/2157-7560.1000181
1
Lee BY, Norman BA, Assi TM, et al. Single vs. multi-dose vaccine vials: an economic computational model. Vaccine. 2010;28(32),5292-5300. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.048
2
World Health Organization (WHO). The use of opened multi-dose vials of vaccine in subsequent immunization sessions. Geneva, Switzerland: Department of Vaccines and Biologicals: 2000;1-8. https://www.spc.int/phs/pphsn/Outbreak/Vaccine_Management/WHO-Multi_Dose_Vial_Policy.pdf
3
World Health Organization (WHO). Monitoring vaccine wastage at country level: Guidelines for programme managers. Geneva, Switzerland: The Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biological: 2003. http://www.spc.int/phs/pphsn/Outbreak/Vaccine_Management/WHO-Monitoring_Vaccine_Wastage_at_the_Country_Level.pdf
4
Ministry of Health, HSIMT Division, Program Evaluation Unit, Canada. Panorama Vaccine Inventory Module, Vaccine Wastage Report 2013. https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/component/edocman/1706-panorama-vaccine-inventory-module-vaccine-wastage-report-ministry-of-health/view-document?Itemid=188
5
Temptime Corporation, USA. The public health benefit of detecting vaccines exposed to damaging temperatures. http://www.temptimecorp.com/resources/case-studies/the-public-health-benefit-of-detecting-vaccines-exposed-to-damaging-temperatures/
6
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Immunization Division, Government of India, New Delhi. Open Vial Policy for DPT, TT, HepB, OPV and Liquid Pentavalent. http://www.searo.who.int/india/topics/routine_immunization/Operational_Guidelines_for_introduction_Hib_as_Pentavalent_vaccine_2013.pdf. Published 2013
7
Mehta S, Umrigar P, Patel P, Bansal R. Evaluation of vaccine wastage in Surat. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2013;4(1):15-19.
8
World Health Organization (WHO). Immunization service delivery & accelerated disease control. http://www.who.int/immunization_delivery/vaccine_ management logistics/logistics/expected wastage/en/index.html. Cited April 20, 2014.
9
Department of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Immunization Handbook for Medical Officers. http://nihfw.org/pdf/nchrc-publications/immunihandbook.pdf. Published 2008.
10
UNICEF. Vaccine Wastage Assessment. Field assessment and observations from National stores and five selected states of India 2010. http://www.unicef.org/india/Vaccine_Wastage_Asses sment_India.pdf. Cited April 20, 2014.
11
Palanivel C, Kulkarni V, Kalaiselvi S, Baridalyne N. Vaccine wastage assessment in a primary care setting in urban India. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. 2012;4(1):e119.
12
Guichard S, Hymbaugh K, Burkholder B, et al. Vaccine wastage in Bangladesh. Vaccine. 2010;28(3):858-863. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.035.
13
Mukherjee A, Ahluwalia T, Gaur L, et al. Assessment of vaccine wastage during a Pulse Polio Immunization Programme in India. J Health Popul Nutr. 2004;22(1):13-18.
14
Linkins R, Mansour E, Wassif O, Hassan H, Patriarca P. Evaluation of house-to-house versus fixed-site oral poliovirus vaccine delivery strategies in a mass immunization Campaign in Egypt. Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(5):589-595.
15
World Health Organization (WHO). Open Vials. http://extranet.who.int/ivb_policies/reports/open_vials.pdf. Cited April 20, 2014.
16
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Policy Statement: Multi-dose Vial Policy (MDVP). Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/en/. Published in September 2014.
17
Pentavalent boost to immunization. The Times of India. 2014. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Pentavalent-boost-to-immunization/articleshow/38710907. cms. Cited January 12, 2015.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Socio-economic Aspects of Health-Related Behaviors and Their Dynamics: A Case Study for the Netherlands
Background Previous studies have mostly focused on socio-demographic and health-related determinants of health-related behaviors. Although comprehensive health insurance coverage could discourage individual lifestyle improvement due to the ex-ante moral hazard problem, few studies have examined such effects. This study examines the association of a comprehensive set of factors including socio-demographic, health status, health insurance, and perceived change in health insurance coverage with health-related behaviors and their dynamics (ie, changes in behavior). Methods Using Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data (a European aging survey among 50+ years old) for the Netherlands in 2004 and 2007 (sample size: 1745), binary and multinomial logit models are employed to study health-related behaviors (daily smoking, excessive alcohol use, and physical inactivity in 2004) and their corresponding changes (stopping or starting unhealthy behavior between 2004 and 2007). Results Our findings show that being older, being female, having higher education and living with a partner increase the likelihood not to be a daily smoker or to stop daily smoking. At the same time, being older (OR = 3.02 [1.31, 6.95]) and being female (OR = 1.77 [1.05, 2.96]) increases the likelihood to be or to become physically inactive. We also find that worse perceived health insurance coverage in 2007 is associated with a lower likelihood (OR = 0.19 [0.06, 0.57]) of stopping excessive alcohol use in that year. However, we do not find a strong association between the type of health insurance and health behavior. Conclusion Our findings show that all above mentioned factors (ie, socio-demographic and health status factors) are associated with health-related behavior but not in a consistent way across all behaviors. Moreover, the dynamics of each behavior (positive or negative change) is not necessarily determined by the same factors that determine the state of that behavior. We also find that better perceived health insurance coverage is associated with a healthier lifestyle which is not compatible with an ex-ante moral hazard interpretation. Our results provide input to target policies towards elderly individuals in need of lifestyle change. However, further research should be done to identify the causal effect of health insurance on health-related behavior.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3145_175d9bba5400f63c8f9ababded2bc3c1.pdf
2016-04-01
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251
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.212
Health Insurance
Health-Related Behavior
Healthier Lifestyle
The Netherlands
Ex-ante
Moral Hazard
Reza
Rezayatmand
mr.rezayatmand@maastrichtuniversity.nl
1
Health Management and Economics Research Center (HMERC), Isfahan University of Medial Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Milena
Pavlova
m.pavlova@maastrichtuniversity.nl
2
Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Wim
Groot
wim.groot@maastrichtuniversity.nl
3
Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Alwan A. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. World Health Geneva: Organization; 2011.
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Moore AA, Gould R, Reuben DB, et al. Longitudinal patterns and predictors of alcohol consumption in the united states. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(3):458-464. doi:10.2105/ajph.2003.019471
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Dave D, Kaestner R. Health insurance and ex ante moral hazard: Evidence from medicare. Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2009;9(4):367-390. doi:10.1007/s10754-009-9056-4
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Kenkel DS. Prevention. In: Culyer A, Newhouse JP, eds. Handbook of Health Economics. Elsevier: North-Holland; 2000:1676-1720.
20
Rezayatmand R, Pavlova M, Groot W. The impact of out-of-pocket payments on prevention and health-related lifestyle: A systematic literature review. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23:74-79. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cks034
21
Clemens SL, Matthews SL, Young AF, Powers JR. Alcohol consumption of australian women: Results from the australian longitudinal study on women's health. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2007;26(5):525-535. doi:10.1080/09595230701499142
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Merrick, E.L.; Horgan, C.M.; Hodgkin, D.; Garnick, D.W.; Houghton, S.F.; Panas, L.; Saitz, R.; Blow, F.C. Unhealthy drinking patterns in older adults: Prevalence and associated characteristics. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(2):214-223. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01539.x
23
Platt A, Sloan FA, Costanzo P. Alcohol-consumption trajectories and associated characteristics among adults older than age 50. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010;71(2):169-179. doi:10.15288/jsad.2010.71.169
24
Willemsen MC, Hoogenveen RT, Van Der Lucht F. New smokers and quitters. Eur J Public Health. 2002;12:136-138. doi:10.1093/eurpub/12.2.136
25
Bergrath E, Pavlova M, Groot W. Attracting health insurance buyers through selective contracting: Results of a discrete-choice experiment among users of hospital services in the netherlands. Risks. 2014;2(2):146-170. doi:10.3390/risks2020146
26
Leu RE, Fund C. The swiss and dutch health insurance systems: Universal coverage and regulated competitive insurance markets. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund; 2009.
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Survey of health, aging and retirement in Europe (SHARE) website. http://www.share-project.org/. Accessed November 13, 2012.
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De Luca G, Peracchi F. Survey response. In: Borsch-Supan A, Brugiavini A, Jurges H, Siegrist J, Weber G, eds. First Results From the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe. Mannheim, Germany: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA); 2005.
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Schroder M. Attriton. In: Borsch-Supan A, Brugiavini A, Jurges H, Kapteyn A, Mackenbach J, Siegrist J, Weber G. eds. First Results From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2007): Starting the Longitudinal Dimension. Mannheim, Germany: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA); 2008.
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Klevmarken A, Hesselius P, Swensson B. The share sampling procedures and calibrated designs weights. In: Borsch-Supan A, Jurges H, eds. The Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe-Methodology. Mannheim, Germany: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA); 2005:28-69.
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Jagger C, Gillies C, Cambois E, Van Oyen H, Nusselder W, Robine J-M. The global activity limitation index measured function and disability similarly across european countries. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63:892-899. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.002
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41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Policy Options to Reduce Fragmentation in the Pooling of Health Insurance Funds in Iran
There are fragmentations in Iran’s health insurance system. Multiple health insurance funds exist, without adequate provisions for transfer or redistribution of cross subsidy among them. Multiple risk pools, including several private secondary insurance schemes, have resulted in a tiered health insurance system with inequitable benefit packages for different segments of the population. Also fragmentation might have contributed to inefficiency in the health insurance systems, a low financial protection against healthcare expenditures for the insured persons, high coinsurance rates, a notable rate of insurance coverage duplication, low contribution of well-funded institutes with generous benefit package to the public health insurance schemes, underfunding and severe financial shortages for the public funds, and a lack of transparency and reliable data and statistics for policy-making. We have conducted a policy analysis study, including qualitative interviews of key informants and document analysis. As a result we introduce three policy options: keeping the existing structural fragmentations of social health insurance (SHI) schemes but implementing a comprehensive “policy integration” strategy; consolidation of existing health insurance funds and creating a single national health insurance scheme; and reducing fragmentation by merging minor well-resourced funds together and creating two or three large insurance funds under the umbrella of the existing organizations. These policy options with their advantages and disadvantages are explained in the paper.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3160_57ea64ea68190dafa8de87e881d446d0.pdf
2016-04-01
253
258
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.12
Fragmentation
Health Insurance Funds in Iran
Integration of Policies
Consolidation
Risk Pooling
Mohammad
Bazyar
bazyar.mohamad@gmail.com
1
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Rashidian
arash.rashidian@gmail.com
2
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sumit
Kane
sumit.kane@unimelb.edu.au
3
Department of Development Policy and Practice, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Vaez Mahdavi
mh_mahdavi@yahoo.com
4
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Akbari Sari
akbarisari@tums.ac.ir
5
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Doshmangir
leiladoshmangir@yahoo.com
6
Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Takian A, Rashidian A, Kabir MJ. Expediency and coincidence in re-engineering a health system: an interpretive approach to formation of family medicine in Iran. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(2):163-173. doi:10.1093/heapol/czq036
1
Kavosi Z, Rashidian A, Pourreza A, et al. Inequality in household catastrophic health care expenditure in a low-income society of Iran. Health Policy Plan. 2012;27(7):613-623. doi:10.1093/heapol/czs001
2
Doshmangir L, Rashidian A, Ravaghi H, Takian A, Jafari M. The experience of implementing the board of trustees’ policy in teaching hospitals in Iran: an example of health system decentralization. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(4):207-214. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.115
3
Doshmangir L, Rashidian A, Jafari M, Takian A, Ravaghi H. Opening the black box: the experiences and lessons from the public hospitals autonomy policy in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2015;18(7):416-424.
4
Rashidian A, Khosravi A, Khabiri R, et al. Islamic Republic of Iran's Multiple Indicator Demograpphic and Healh Survey (IrMIDHS) 2010. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education; 2012.
5
Iran health in fifth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan (Persian). Tehran; 2009.
6
Jadidfard MP, Yazdani S, Khoshnevisan MH. Social insurance for dental care in Iran: a developing scheme for a developing country. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2012;11:189-198.
7
Ibrahimipour H, Maleki M-R, Brown R, Gohari M, Karimi I, Dehnavieh R. A qualitative study of the difficulties in reaching sustainable universal health insurance coverage in Iran. Health Policy Planning. 2011;26(6):485-495. doi:10.1093/heapol/czq084
8
Karasawa Y, Hozumi Y, Imamura S, Kuroyanagi T. JMA—President’s Speech. JMA. 2009;52(1):121.
9
The regulations of fifth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan. Tehran: Iranian Parliament; 2011.
10
Wang H, Switlick K, Ortiz C, Zurita B, Connor C. Health Insurance Handbook: How to Make It Work. World Bank Publications; 2012.
11
Davari M, Haycox A, Walley T. The Iranian health insurance system; past experiences, present challenges and future strategies. Iran J Public Health. 2012;41(9):1-9.
12
The regulations of fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan. Tehran: Iranian Parliament; 2004.
13
Bärnighausen T, Sauerborn R. One hundred and eighteen years of the German health insurance system: are there any lessons for middle-and low-income countries? Soc Sci Med. 2002;54(10):1559-1587. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00137-x
14
Atun R, Aydın S, Chakraborty S, et al. Universal health coverage in Turkey: enhancement of equity. Lancet. 2013;382(9886):65-99. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61051-x
15
Yardim MS, Cilingiroglu N, Yardim N. Financial protection in health in Turkey: the effects of the Health Transformation Programme. Health Policy Plan 2014;29(2):177-192. doi:10.1093/heapol/czt002
16
Yıldırım HH, Yıldırım T. Healthcare financing reform in Turkey: context and salient features. Journal of European Social Policy. 2011;21(2):178-193. doi:10.1177/0958928710395045
17
Kwon S. Healthcare financing reform and the new single payer system in the Republic of Korea: Social solidarity or efficiency? Int Soc Secur Rev. 2003;56(1):75-94. doi:10.1111/1468-246x.00150
18
Kwon S. Thirty years of national health insurance in South Korea: lessons for achieving universal health care coverage. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24(1):63-71. doi:10.1093/heapol/czn037
19
Maeda A, Araujo E, Cashin C, Harris J, Ikegami N, Reich MR. Universal health coverage for inclusive and sustainable development: a synthesis of 11 country case studies. World Bank Publications; 2014.
20
Thomson S, Foubister T, Mossialos E. Financing health care in the European Union Challenges and policy responses. Copenhagen: WHO, EMPL; 2009.
21
Lagomarsino G, Garabrant A, Adyas A, Muga R, Otoo N. Moving towards universal health coverage: health insurance reforms in nine developing countries in Africa and Asia. Lancet. 2012;380(9845):933-943. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61147-7
22
Thabrany H. Politics of National Health Insurance of Indonesia: A New Era of Universal Coverage. Paper presented at: The 7th European Conference on Health Economics; Center for Health Economic and Policy Studies, University of Indonesia; 2008.
23
Thabrany H. Social health insurance in Indonesia: current status and the proposed national health insurance. Paper presented at: Social Health Insurance Workshop by WHO SEARO; March 13-15, 2003.
24
Rashidian A, Eccles MP, Russell I. Falling on stony ground? A qualitative study of implementation of clinical guidelines’ prescribing recommendations in primary care. Health Policy. 2008;85(2):148-161. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.07.011
25
Hajimahmoodi H. Common basic health benefit package for all Iranians: a solution to implement health system macro-policies. Tehran:Iran Health Insurance Organization; 2014.
26
Takian A, Rashidian A, Doshmangir L. The experience of purchaser–provider split in the implementation of family physician and rural health insurance in Iran: an institutional approach. Health Policy Plan. 2015;1:11. doi:10.1093/heapol/czu135
27
Wilsford D. Path dependency, or why history makes it difficult but not impossible to reform health care systems in a big way. J Public Policy. 1994;14(3):251-283. doi:10.1017/s0143814x00007285
28
Marnani AB, Teymourzadeh E, Bahadori M, Ravangard R, Pour JS. Challenges of a large health insurance organization in Iran: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 2012;4:1050-1062.
29
National Health Accounts Islamic Republic of Iran, 2008.
30
31. Schäfer W, Kroneman M, Boerma W, et al. The Netherlands: health system review. Health Syst Transit. 2010;12(1):v-xxvii.
31
Carrin G, James C. Reaching universal coverage via social health insurance: key design features in the transition period. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
32
Smith PC, Witter SN. Risk pooling in health care financing: the implications for health system performance: World Bank, Washington, DC; 2004.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Challenges Facing Healthwatch, a New Consumer Champion in England
This article engages with debates about the conceptualisation and practical challenges of patient and public involvement (PPI) in health and social care services. Policy in this area in England has shifted numerous times but increasingly a consumerist discourse seems to override more democratic ideas concerning the relationship between citizens and public services. Recent policy change in England has seen the creation of new consumer champion bodies in the form of local Healthwatch. The article describes these new organisational structures for PPI and shows how those who seek to influence planning and delivery of services or comment or complain about aspects of their care face considerable complexity. This is due, in part, to the ambiguous remit set out for newly instigated Healthwatch organisations by government. Drawing on governance theory, we show that it can also be understood as a function of an increasingly polycentric governance arena. Challenges that flow from this include problems of specifying jurisdictional responsibility, accountability, and legitimacy. We review Healthwatch progress to date, then we set out four challenges facing local Healthwatch organisations before discussing the implications of these for patients and the public. The first challenge relates to non-coterminous boundaries and jurisdictional integrity. Secondly, establishing the unique features of Healthwatch is problematic in the crowded PPI arena. The third challenge arises from limited resources as well as the fact that resources flow to Healthwatch from the local authorities that Healthwatch are expected to hold to account. The fourth challenge we identify is how local Healthwatch organisations negotiate the complexity of being a partner to statutory and other organisations, while at the same time being expected to champion local people’s views.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3151_beaa4b2d80f2750fee112d4e0a0971c7.pdf
2016-04-01
259
263
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.07
Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)
Consumer Involvement
Citizenship
Quality
Accountability
Pam
Carter
pc216@le.ac.uk
1
Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Graham
Martin
gm624@medschl.cam.ac.uk
2
Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
AUTHOR
Hudson B. Public and patient engagement in commissioning in the English NHS: an idea whose time has come? Public Management Review. 2014;17(1):1-16.
1
Taylor J, Tritter JQ. Local Involvement Networks: Learning From the Early Adopter Programme Final Report. Coventry: Warwick University; 2007.
2
Martin G. The third sector, user involvement and public-service reform: a case study in the co-governance of health-service provision. Public Adm. 2011;89(3):909-932.
3
Dent M, Pahor M. Patient involvement in Europe–a comparative framework. J Health Organ Manag. 2015;29(5):546-555. doi:10.1108/JHOM-05-2015-0078
4
Martin GP. Representativeness, legitimacy and power in public involvement in health-service management. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(11):1757-1765. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.024
5
Newman J, Clarke J. Publics, Politics and Power. London: Sage; 2009.
6
Peckham S. Accountability in the UK healthcare system: an overview. Healthcare Policy. 2014; 10:154-162.
7
Skelcher C. Jurisdictional integrity, polycentrism, and the design of democratic governance. Governance. 2005;18(1):89-110.
8
Department of Health. Local Healthwatch: A strong voice for people - the policy explained. London: Department of Health; 2012.
9
Department of Health. The NHS Constitution for England. London: Department of Health; 2013.
10
Petsoulas C, Peckham S, Smiddy J, Wilson P. Primary care-led commissioning and public involvement in the English National Health Service. Lessons from the past. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2015; 16 (3):289-303. doi:10.1017/S1463423614000486
11
Tritter JQ, Koivusalo M. Undermining patient and public engagement and limiting its impact: the consequences of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 on collective patient and public involvement. Health Expect. 2013;16(2):115-118. doi:10.1111/hex.12069
12
Barnes M. Alliances, contention and oppositional consciousness: can public participation generate subversion? In: Barnes M, Prior D, eds. Subversive Citizens. Bristol: Policy Press; 2009.
13
Coleman A, Checkland K, Segar J, Mcdermott I, Harrison S, Peckham S. Joining it up? health and wellbeing boards in English local governance: evidence from clinical commissioning groups and shadow health and wellbeing boards. Local Government Studies. 2014;40(4):560-580.
14
Smiddy J, Reay J, Peckham S, Williams L, Wilson P. Developing patient reference groups within general practice: a mixed-methods study. Br J Gen Pract. 2015;65(632):177-183. doi:10.3399/bjgp15X683989
15
Light K, Stirk L, Wright K. Patient opinion. J Health Ser Res Policy. 2010;15(3):190-192. doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2010.010020
16
Lupton D. The commodification of patient opinion: the digital patient experience economy in the age of big data. Sociol Health Illn. 2014;36(6):856-869. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12109
17
Scott JC. Seeing Like a State. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1998.
18
Gilbert H, Dunn P, Foot C. Local Healthwatch: Progress and Promise. London: The King's Fund; 2015.
19
Healthwatch England. Understanding the Legislation: An overview of the legal requirements for local Healthwatch. Http://www.healthwatch.co.uk/sites/healthwatch.co.uk/files/20130822_a_guide_to_the_legislation_affecting_local_healthwatch_final.pdf. Published 2015.
20
Carter P. Governing welfare reform symbolically: evidence based or iconic policy? Crit Policy Stud. 2011;5(3):247-263. doi:10.1080/19460171.2011.606298
21
Barnes M, Newman J, Knops A, Sullivan H. Constituting ‘the public’ in public participation. Public Adm. 2003;81(2):379-399. doi:10.1111/1467-9299.00352
22
Department of Health. NHS five year forward view. http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/5yfv-web.pdf. Accessed May 20, 2015.
23
Clarke N, Cochrane A. Geographies and politics of localism: The localism of the United Kingdom’s coalition government. Polit Geogr. 2013;34:10-23.
24
Dixon-Woods M, Minion JT, McKee L, Willars J, Martin G. The friends and family test: A qualitative study of concerns that influence the willingness of English National Health Service staff to recommend their organisation. J R Soc Med. 2014;107(8):318-325.
25
Foot C, Gilburt H, Dunn P, et al. People in Control of Their Own Health and Care. London: The King's Fund; 2014.
26
Baggott R, Jones K. The big society in an age of austerity: threats and opportunities for health consumer and patients' organizations in England. Health Expect. 2015;18(6):2164-2173. doi:10.1111/hex.12185
27
Pfeffer J, Salancik GR. The External Control of Organizations. Redwood: Stanford University Press; 2003.
28
Martin GP. 'Ordinary people only': Knowledge, representativeness, and the publics of public participation in healthcare. Soc Health Illn. 2008;30(1):35-54. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01027.x
29
TDA, Monitor, NHS England. Making local health economies work better for patients. London: NHS England; 2014.
30
Buetow S. Getting the balance right: thick and thin approaches to harmonizing state particularism and the human right to health. Health Expect. 2012;15(4):441-448. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00666.x
31
Haugh H, Peredo AM. Critical narratives of the origins of the community interest company. In: Hull R, ed. Critical Perspectives on the Third Sector. Bradford; Emerald: 2011.
32
Barnes M, Newman J, Sullivan H. Discursive arenas: deliberation and the constitution of identity in public participation at a local level. Soc Mov Stud. 2006;5(3):193-207.
33
Gamsu M, Chapman J, Miller S. Developing Quality Statements for Local Healthwatch. Leeds: Leeds Beckett University; 2015.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Whistle Blowing: A Message to Leaders and Managers; Comment on “Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organizations”
This comment argues that instead of worrying about the pros and cons of whistleblowing one should focus on the more general problem of the failure of upward communication around safety and quality problems and consider what leaders and managers must do to stimulate subordinates to communicate and reward such communication. The article analyzes why safety failures occur and introduces the concept of practical drift and adaptive moves as necessary for systemic safety to be understood and better handled. It emphasizes the key role of senior leadership in creating a climate in which critical upward communication will become more likely.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3134_c6e42af0d86798d83f14775705a8fff3.pdf
2016-04-01
265
266
10.15171/ijhpm.2015.207
Whistleblowing
Safety
Upward Communication
Adaptive Moves
Edgar
Schein
scheine@comcast.net
1
MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mannion R, Davies HT. Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organizations. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(8):503-505. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.120
1
Schein EH. Humble Inquiry. San Francisco: Berrett/Kohler; 2013.
2
Schein EH. Humble Consulting. San Francisco: Berrett/Kohler; 2016. [In Press].
3
Johnson J, Haskell H, Barach P. Case studies in patient safety. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2016.
4
Snook SA. Friendly Fire. Princeton University Press; 2000.
5
Gerstein M. Flirting with Disaster. New York: Union Square Press; 2008.
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Wicked Problem? Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations; Comment on “Cultures of Silence And Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations”
Mannion and Davies’ article recognises whistleblowing as an important means of identifying quality and safety issues in healthcare organisations. While ‘voice’ is a useful lens through which to examine whistleblowing, it also obscures a shifting pattern of uncertain ‘truths.’ By contextualising cultures which support or impede whislteblowing at an organisational level, two issues are overlooked; the power of wider institutional interests to silence those who might raise the alarm and changing ideas about what constitutes adequate care. A broader contextualisation of whistleblowing might illuminate further facets of this multi-dimensional problem.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3147_7b3d1ba3d7c1ddaeddd2a4f28f2ffdcf.pdf
2016-04-01
267
269
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.01
Whistleblowing
Healthcare Organisations
Safer Care
Truth to Power
Paula
Hyde
paula.hyde@manchester.ac.uk
1
Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mannion R, Davies HTO, Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: The role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(8):503-505. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.120
1
Wildavsky A. Speaking Truth to Power: The Art and Craft of Policy Analysis. Boston: Little, Brown & Co; 1979.
2
Francis R. The Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry (Chaired by Robert Francis QC) Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust. London: HMSO; 2013.
3
McCann L, Granter E, Hassard J, Hyde P. ‘You can’t do both – something will give’: Limitations of the targets culture in managing UK healthcare workforces. Hum Resour Manage.2015;54(5):773-791. doi:10.1002/hrm.21701
4
Fotaki M, Hyde P. Organizational Blindspots: Counteracting splitting, idealization and blame in public health services. Hum Relat.2015;68(3):441-462. doi:10.1177/0018726714530012
5
Schwartz H. Anti-social actions of committed organizational participants: An existential psychoanalytic perspective. Organ Stud. 1987;8(4):327-340. doi:10.1177/017084068700800403
6
Burns D, Hyde P, Killett A, Poland F, Gray R. Participatory organizational research: examining voice in the co-production of knowledge.British Journal of Management. 2014;25(1):133-144. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2012.00841.x
7
Burns D, Hyde P, Killett A. Wicked problems or wicked people: reconceptualising institutional abuse. Sociol Health Illn. 2012;35(4):514-528. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01511.x
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Digital Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: A Perfect Storm of Rapid Evolution and Stagnant Regulation; Comment on “Trouble Spots in Online Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion: A Content Analysis of FDA Warning Letters”
The adoption and use of digital forms of direct-to-consumer advertising (also known as “eDTCA”) is on the rise. At the same time, the universe of eDTCA is expanding, as technology on Internet-based platforms continues to evolve, from static websites, to social media, and nearly ubiquitous use of mobile devices. However, little is known about how this unique form of pharmaceutical marketing impacts consumer behavior, public health, and overall healthcare utilization. The study by Kim analyzing US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notices of violations (NOVs) and warning letters regarding online promotional activities takes us in the right direction, but study results raise as many questions as it does answers. Chief among these are unanswered concerns about the unique regulatory challenges posed by the “disruptive” qualities of eDTCA, and whether regulators have sufficient resources and oversight powers to proactively address potential violations. Further, the globalization of eDTCA via borderless Internet-based technologies raises larger concerns about the potential global impact of this form of health marketing unique to only the United States and New Zealand. Collectively, these challenges make it unlikely that regulatory science will be able to keep apace with the continued rapid evolution of eDTCA unless more creative policy solutions are explored.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3154_5df00e29934931108831ef564ad7be68.pdf
2016-04-01
271
274
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.11
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)
Social Media
Pharmaceutical Marketing
Health Communication
Regulatory Science
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Tim K.
Mackey
tkmackey@ucsd.edu
1
Department of Anesthesiology, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kim H. Trouble spots in online direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion: a content analysis of FDA warning letters. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(12):813-821. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.157
1
Mackey TK, Cuomo RE, Liang BA. The rise of digital direct-to-consumer advertising? Comparison of direct-to-consumer advertising expenditure trends from publicly available data sources and global policy implications. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:236. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0885-1
2
Greene JA, Kesselheim AS. Pharmaceutical marketing and the new social media. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(22):2087-2089. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1004986
3
Davis JJ, Cross E, Crowley J. Pharmaceutical websites and the communication of risk information. J Health Commun. 2007;12(1):29-39. doi:10.1080/10810730601091326
4
Sheehan KB. Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Branded Drug Web Sites Risk Presentation and Implications for Public Policy. J Advert. 2013;36(3):123-135. doi:10.2753/joa0091-3367360310
5
Liang BA, Mackey T. Direct-to-consumer advertising with interactive internet media: global regulation and public health issues. JAMA. 2011;305(8):824-825. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.203
6
Tyrawski J, DeAndrea DC. Pharmaceutical Companies and Their Drugs on Social Media: A Content Analysis of Drug Information on Popular Social Media Sites. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(6):e130.
7
Global Medicines Use in 2020: Outlook and Implications. IMS Institute for Health Informatics website. http://www.imshealth.com/en/thought-leadership/ims-institute/reports/global-medicines-use-in-2020. Published November 2015.
8
Mackey TK, Liang B. Globalization, Evolution and emergence of direct-to-consumer advertising: are emerging markets the next pharmaceutical marketing frontier. J Commer Biotechnol. 2012;18:58-64. doi:10.5912/jcb564
9
Medicines Use and Spending Shifts: A Review of the Use of Medicines in the U.S. in 2014. IMS Institute for Health Informatics website. http://www.imshealth.com/en/thought-leadership/ims-institute/reports/medicines-use-in-the-us-2014. Published April.
10
Greene JA, Watkins ES. The vernacular of risk--rethinking direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(12):1087-1089.
11
Liang BA, Mackey T. Reforming direct-to-consumer advertising. Nat Biotechnol. 2011;29(5):397-400. doi:10.1038/nbt.1865
12
Mackey TK, Liang BA. It's time to shine the light on direct-to-consumer advertising. The Annals of Family Medicine. American Academy of Family Physicians. 2015;13(1):82-85. doi:10.1370/afm.1711
13
Health Fact Sheet. Pew Internet website. http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/health-fact-sheet/. Accessed April 29, 2014. Published 2014.
14
Gibson S. Regulating Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in the Digital Age. Laws. 2014;3(3):410-438. doi:10.3390/laws3030410
15
Liang BA, Mackey TK. Prevalence and global health implications of social media in direct-to-consumer drug advertising. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(3):e64.
16
Ambekar H, Sharma A, Prathipati A. How technology is going to disrupt health care. Forbes. 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/singularity/2014/09/22/how-technology-is-going-to-disrupt-health-care/. Accessed December 13, 2015.
17
Guidance for industry: internet/social media platforms: correcting independent third-party misinformation about prescription drugs and medical devices. FDA Website. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM401079.pdf. Accessed December 14, 2015. Published 2014.
18
Guidance for industry: internet/social media platforms with character space limitations— presenting risk and benefit information for prescription drugs and medical devices. FDA website. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM401087.pdf. Accessed December 14, 2015. Published 2014.
19
Guidance for industry: product name placement, size, and prominence in advertising and promotional labeling. FDA website. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM070076.pdf. Accessed December 14, 2015. Published 2013.
20
Guidance for industry: responding to unsolicited requests for off-label information about prescription drugs and medical devices. FDA website. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm285145.pdf. Accessed December 14, 2015. Published 2011.
21
Nguyen D, Seoane-Vazquez E, Rodriguez-Monguio R, Montagne M. Changes in FDA enforcement activities following changes in federal administration: the case of regulatory letters released to pharmaceutical companies. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:27. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-27
22
Ventola CL. Direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising: therapeutic or toxic? P T. 2011;36(10):669-684.
23
Tatsioni A, Gerasi E, Charitidou E, Simou N, Mavreas V, Ioannidis JPA. important drug safety information on the internet: assessing its accuracy and reliability. Drug Saf. 2003;26(7):519. doi:10.2165/00002018-200326070-00005
24
Neumann PJ, Bliss SK. FDA actions against health economic promotions, 2002–2011. Value Health. 2012;15(6):948-953. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.05.002
25
Collier R. Patient engagement or social media marketing? CMAJ. 2014;186(8):E237-E238. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4739
26
Liang BA, Mackey T. Health care policy. Reforming off-label promotion to enhance orphan disease treatment. Science. 2010;327(5963):273-274. doi:10.1126/science.1181567
27
Wittich CM, Burkle CM, Lanier WL. Ten common questions (and their answers) about off-label drug use. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(10):982-990. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.017
28
Mackey T, Liang B. Off label promotion reform: a legislative proposal addressing vulnerable patient drug access and limiting inappropriate pharmaceutical marketing. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform. 2011;45(1). http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1075&context=mjlr.
29
Hamel MB, Avorn J, Sarpatwari A, Kesselheim AS. Forbidden and permitted statements about medications — loosening the rules. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(10):967-973. doi:10.1056/nejmhle1506365
30
Complaint, Amarin Pharma, Inc. v. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (S.D.N.Y. 2015).
31
Sharfstein JM, Charo A. The promotion of medical products in the 21st century: off-label marketing and first amendment concerns. JAMA. 2015;314(17):1795-1796. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.12045
32
Boumil MM. Off-Label Marketing and the First Amendment. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(2):103-105.
33
Andreassen HK, Bujnowska-Fedak MM, Chronaki CE, et al. European citizens' use of E-health services: a study of seven countries. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:53. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-53
34
Mintzes B. Direct to consumer advertising of prescription drugs. BMJ. 2008;337:a985. doi:10.1136/bmj.a985
35
Mintzes B. Should Canada allow direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs? no. Can Fam Physician. 2009;55(2):131-133.
36
Mintzes B, Barer ML, Kravitz RL, et al. Influence of direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising and patients' requests on prescribing decisions: two site cross sectional survey. BMJ. 2002;324(7332):278-279. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7332.278
37
Fayerman P. B.C. Medical Association wants crackdown on online drug advertising. The Vancouver Sun website. http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Medical%20Association%20wants%20crackdown%20online%20drug%20advertising/8020266/story.html. Accessed December 23, 2013. Published February 27, 2013.
38
AMA Calls for Ban on Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs and Medical Devices. American Medical Association website. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/news/news/2015/2015-11-17-ban-consumer-prescription-drug-advertising.page. Accessed December 12, 2015. Published 2015.
39
Robertson CT. New DTCA guidance — enough to empower consumers? N Engl J Med. 2015;373(12):1085-1087. doi:10.1056/nejmp1508548
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Political Impetus: Towards a Successful Agenda-Setting for Inclusive Health Policies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries; Comment on “Shaping the Health Policy Agenda: The Case of Safe Motherhood Policy in Vietnam”
Agenda-setting is a crucial step for inclusive health policies in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Enlightened by Ha et al manuscript, this commentary paper argues that ‘political impetus’ is the key to the successful agenda-setting of health policies in LMICs, though other determinants may also play the role during the process. This Vietnamese case study presents a good example for policy-makers of other LMICs; it offers insights for contexts where there are limited health resources and poor health performance. Further research which compares various stages of the health policy process across countries, is much needed.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3155_06db40702ab56ff1a27679bb9373e42b.pdf
2016-04-01
275
277
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.10
Inclusive Policy
Political Impetus
Maternal Health
Vietnam
Xiaoguang
Yang
yangxg@fudan.edu.cn
1
School of Public Health & Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
AUTHOR
Xu
Qian
xqian@fudan.edu.cn
2
School of Public Health & Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ha BT, Mirzoev T, Mukhopadhyay M. Shaping the health policy agenda: the case of safe motherhood policy in Vietnam. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(11):741-746. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.153
1
Howlett M, Ramesh M, Perl A. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press; 1995.
2
Kingdon JW, Thurber JA. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Boston: Little, Brown; 1984.
3
Gaventa J. Finding the spaces for change: a power analysis. IDS Bulletin. 2006;37(6):23-33.
4
Bennett S, Corluka A, Doherty J, et al. Influencing policy change: the experience of health think tanks in low-and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan. 2012;27(3):194-203. Doi:10.1093/heapol/czr035
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Advancing Global Health – The Need for (Better) Social Science; Comment on “Navigating Between Stealth Advocacy and Unconscious Dogmatism: The Challenge of Researching the Norms, Politics and Power of Global Health”
In his perspective “Navigating between stealth advocacy and unconscious dogmatism: the challenge of researching the norms, politics and power of global health,” Ooms argues that actions taken in the field of global health are dependent not only on available resources, but on the normative premise that guides how these resources are spent. This comment sets out how the application of a predominately biomedical positivist research tradition in global health, has potentially limited understanding of the value judgements underlying decisions in the field. To redress this critical social science, including health policy analysis has much to offer, to the field of global health including on questions of governance.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3156_a56f4877b609e1a5c9cbe55b5888edb8.pdf
2016-04-01
279
281
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.13
Governance
Power
Social Science
Health Policy Analysis
Global Health
Johanna
Hanefeld
johanna.hanefeld@lshtm.ac.uk
1
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ooms G. Navigating between stealth advocacy and unconscious dogmatism: the challenge of researching the norms, politics and power of global health. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(10):641-644. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.116
1
Gilson L, Hanson K, Sheikh K, Agyepong IA, Ssengooba F, Bennett S. Building the field of health policy and systems research: social science matters. PLoS Med. 2011;8(8):e1001079. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001079
2
Walt G. Health Policy: An Introduction to Process and Power. London: Zed Books; 1994.
3
Walt G, Gilson L. Reforming the health sector in developing countries: the central role of policy analysis. Health Policy Plan. 1994;9(4):353-370. doi:10.1093/heapol/9.4.353
4
Shiffman J, Smith S. Generation of political priority for global health initiatives: a framework and case study of maternal mortality. Lancet. 370(9595):1370-1379. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61579-7
5
Walker L, Gilson L. ‘We are bitter but we are satisfied’: nurses as street-level bureaucrats in South Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59(6):1251-1261. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.12.020
6
Liverani M, Hawkins B, Parkhurst JO. Political and institutional influences on the use of evidence in public health policy. A Systematic Review. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e77404. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077404
7
Murphy EM, Greene ME, Mihailovic A, Olupot-Olupot P. Was the “ABC” approach (abstinence, being faithful, using condoms) responsible for Uganda's decline in HIV? PLoS Med. 2006;3(9):e379. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030379
8
Buse K, Walt G. Global public-private partnerships: Part II - What are the health issues for global governance. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(5):699-709.
9
Frenk J, Moon S. Governance challenges in global health. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(10):936-942. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1109339
10
Kickbusch I, Szabo MC. A new governance space for health. Glob Health Action. 2014;7:23507. doi:10.3402/gha.v7.23507
11
Ottersen OP, Dasgupta J, Blouin C, et al. The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change. Lancet. 383(9917):630-667. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62407-1
12
Kickbusch I. The political determinants of health—10 years on. BMJ. 2015;350:h81. doi:10.1136/bmj.h81
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Considering the Future of Pharmaceutical Promotions in Social Media; Comment on “Trouble Spots in Online Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion: A Content Analysis of FDA Warning Letters”
This commentary explores the implications of increased social media marketing by drug manufacturers, based on findings in Hyosun Kim’s article of the major themes in recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning letters and notices of violation regarding online direct-to-consumer promotions of pharmaceuticals. Kim’s rigorous analysis of FDA letters over a 10-year span highlights a relative abundance of regulatory action toward marketer-controlled websites and sponsored advertisements, compared to branded and unbranded social media messaging. However, social media marketing efforts are increasing, as is FDA attention to these efforts. This commentary explores recent developments and continuing challenges in the FDA’s attempts to provide guidance and define pharmaceutical company accountability in marketer-controlled and -uncontrolled claims disseminated through social media.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3158_6860de2ad6c2e41bc13a949a6b31ea29.pdf
2016-04-01
283
285
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.15
Advertising
Drug
Internet
Online
Pharmaceutical
Social Media
Francesca Renee Dillman
Carpentier
francesca@unc.edu
1
School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sufrin CB, Ross JS. Pharmaceutical industry marketing: Understanding its impact on women’s health. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2008;63(9):585-596. doi:10.1097/ogx.0b013e31817f1585
1
Iskowitz M. Pharma poised to up online ad spend: eMarketer. Med Mark Media. April 27, 2011. http://www.mmm-online.com/channel/pharma-poised-to-up-online-ad-spend-emarketer/article/201584/
2
Liang BA, Mackey TK. Prevalence and global health implications of social media in direct-to-consumer drug advertising. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(3):e64. doi:10.2196/jmir.1775
3
Kim H. Trouble spots in online direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion: a content analysis of FDA warning letters. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(12):813-821. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.157
4
Fisherow WB. Shape of prescription drug advertising: a survey of promotional techniques and regulatory trends. Food Drug Cosmetic Law Journal. 1987;42:213-236.
5
Robinson AR, Hohmann KB, Rifkin JI, et al. Direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising: physician and public opinion and potential effects on the physician-patient relationship. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(4):427-432. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.4.427
6
Huh J, Delorme DE, Reid LN. The third-person effect and its influence on behavioral outcomes in a product advertising context: the case of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Comm Res. 2004;31(5):568-599. doi:10.1177/0093650204267934
7
Burgess C, Carroll BM. Social Media Law & Policy Report;2015.
8
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Internet/social media platforms: Correcting independent third-party misinformation about prescription drugs and medical devices. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm401079.pdf. Published 2014.
9
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Internet/social media platforms with character space limitations: Presenting risk and benefit information for prescription drugs and medical devices. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm401087.pdf. Published 2014.
10
Gibson S. Regulating direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs in the digital age. Laws. 2014;3(3):410-438. doi:10.3390/laws3030410
11
McMullan M. Patients using the Internet to obtain health information: how this affects the patient–health professional relationship. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;63(1):24-28. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2005.10.006
12
Terhune C. Consumers using social media for medical information, report says. Los Angeles Times. 2012. http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/17/business/la-fi-mo-social-health-20120417
13
Eastin MS. Credibility assessments of online health information: The effects of source expertise and knowledge of content. J Comput Mediat Commun. 2001;6(4):0. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2001.tb00126.x
14
Petty RE, Cacioppo JT. Effects of forewarning of persuasive intent and involvement on cognitive responses and persuasion. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1979;5(2):173-176. doi:10.1177/014616727900500209
15
Lenzer J. Big Pharma would like to befriend you. BMJ. 2011;342:d4075. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4075
16
Greene JA, Kesselheim AS. Pharmaceutical marketing and the new social media. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(22):2087-2089. doi:10.1056/nejmp1004986
17
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Guidance for Industry Responding to Unsolicited Requests for Off-Label Information About Prescription Drugs and Medical Devices. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm285145.pdf. Published 2011.
18
Kesselheim AS. Off-label drug use and promotion: balancing public health goals and commercial speech. Am J Law Med. 2011;37(2-3):225-257.
19
Malloy M. What is the role of unbranded websites in pharmaceutical digital marketing. DTC Perspect. 2010;9(3):27-28.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Still the Great Debate – “Fair Balance” in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising; Comment on “Trouble Spots in Online Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion: A Content Analysis of FDA Warning Letters”
The above titled paper examined the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) warning letters and notice of violations (NOV) over a 10-year period. Findings from this content analysis reinforced what has been the primary issue for prescription direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) since its beginning, the fair balance of risk and benefit information. As opposed to another analysis in 2026 about this still being an issue, is there anything that can be done to prevent this problem from continuing?
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3159_c3eba2a1569361b654b9856b57228c65.pdf
2016-04-01
287
288
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.17
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)
Notice of Violations
(NOV)
Office of Prescription Drug Promotion (OPDP)
Fair Balance
Brent
Rollins
brentro@pcom.edu
1
School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM), Suwanee, GA, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kim H. Trouble spots in online direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion: a content analysis of FDA warning letters. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(2):813-821. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.157
1
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Guidance for industry: consumer directed broadcast advertisements. http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm125039.htm. Accessed December 1, 2015. Published 1999.
2
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Guidance for industry: internet/social media platforms: correcting independent third-party misinformation about prescription drugs and medical devices. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM401079.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2015.
3
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Draft guidance for industry: internet/social media platforms with character space limitations - presenting risk and benefit information for prescription drugs and medical devices. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM401087.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2015. Published 2014.
4
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Guidance for industry: fulfilling regulatory requirements for post-marketing submissions of interactive promotional media for prescription human and animal drugs and biologics. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM381352.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2015. Published 2014.
5
Rollins BL, Perri M. Pharmaceutical Marketing. 2013. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2013:282.
6
Toovell B. Prevention Magazine finds consumers believe pharmaceutical advertising in magazines and TV is fair and balanced-but less so online via 13th Annual "Consumer Reaction to DTC Advertising of Prescription Drugs.” http://www.reuters.com/article/idUS165544+15-Jul-2010+BW20100715. Accessed December 9, 2015.
7
Hall EJ. The side effect of Rx advertising. Huffington Post. 2015. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-j-hall/the-side-effects-of-rx-ad_b_7030188.html. Accessed December 9, 2015.
8
Kessel M. Restoring the pharmaceutical industry’s reputation. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32(10):983-990. doi:10.1038/nbt.3036
9
Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA). American Academy of Physician Assistants. https://www.aapa.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3099. Accessed December 9, 2015. Published 2014.
10
American Medical Association (AMA). AMA calls for ban on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/news/news/2015/2015-11-17-ban-consumer-prescription-drug-advertising.page. Accessed December 9, 2015.
11
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Guidance for industry: "help-seeking" and other disease awareness communications by or on behalf of drug and device firms. http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/2004d-0042-gdl0001.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2016. Published 2004.
12
Rollins BL, King KW, Zinkhan G, Perri M. Drug inquiry intent and information seeking behavior: a comparison of non-branded versus branded direct-to-consumer prescription advertisements. Drug Inf J. 2010;44(6):673-683. doi:10.1177/009286151004400603
13
Rollins BL, King KW, Zinkhan G, Perri M. Non-branded or branded direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising – which is more effective? Health Mark Q. 2011;28(1):86-98. doi:10.1080/07359683.2011.545337
14
Bhutada NS, Rollins BL, Perri M. Animation in direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs: impact on consumers. Health Commun. 2016; forthcoming.
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Rollins BL, Bhutada NS. Impact of celebrity endorsements in disease-specific direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements: an elaboration likelihood model approach. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing. 2014; 8(2):164-177. doi:10.1108/IJPHM-05-2013-0024
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Bhutada NS, Rollins BL. Disease-specific direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals: An examination of endorser type and gender effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2015;11(6):891-900. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.02.003
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Bhutada NS, Rollins BL. Effects of Disease-Specific Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Medication Adherence. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2015;55:434-437.
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Scott D. The untold store of TV’s first prescription ad. http://www.statnews.com/2015/12/11/untold-story-tvs-first-prescription-drug-ad/. Accessed December 11, 2015. Published 2015.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Learning Valuable Perspectives on Improving the World’s Health Through the Post-2015 Development Agenda: A Response to Recent Commentaries
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3149_933ccf7c0eeb0c8764d6c30868a3cc47.pdf
2016-04-01
289
290
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.04
Post-2015 Development Agenda
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Rwanda
Agnes
Binagwaho
vicechancellor@ughe.org
1
Minister of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kirstin
Scott
kirstin_scott@hms.harvard.edu
2
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
AUTHOR
Binagwaho A, Scott KW. Improving the world’s health through the post-2015 development agenda: perspectives from Rwanda. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(4):203-205. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.46
1
Armah BK. Sustaining health for wealth: perspectives for the post-2015 agenda; Comment on “Improving the world’s health through the post-2015 development agenda: perspectives from Rwanda.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(10):673-675. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.112
2
Alleyne G. Lessons and leadership in health; Comment on “Improving the world’s health through the post-2015 development agenda: perspectives from Rwanda.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(8):553-555. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.107
3
Binagwaho A, Farmer PE, Nsanzimana S, et al. Rwanda 20 years on: investing in life. Lancet. 2014;384(9940):371-375. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60574-2
4
Nuwagaba A. Public private partnerships (ppps) and their effect on services delivery in Rwanda. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management. 2013;2(5):356-359.
5
Government of Rwanda. Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS2). http://www.edprs.rw/content/edprs-2. Cited January 4, 2015. Published 2013.
6
Binagwaho A. Preparation Is Paramount -- Finance & Development (December 2014):33.
7
Yamey G, Fewer S, Beyeler N. Achieving a “Grand Convergence” in Global Health by 2035: Rwanda Shows the Way; Comment on “Improving the World’s Health Through the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Perspectives From Rwanda.” Int J Health Policy Manag 2015;4(11):789–91.
8
Jamison DT, Summers LH, Alleyne G, et al. Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation. The Lancet 2013;382(9908):1898–955.
9
Xu Y, Huang C, Colón-Ramos U. Moving Toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) to Achieve Inclusive and Sustainable Health Development: Three Essential Strategies Drawn From Asian Experience; Comment on “Improving the World’s Health Through the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Perspectives from Rwanda.” Int J Health Policy Manag 2015;4(12):869–72.
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