ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Problems and Promises of Health Technologies: The Role of Early Health Economic Modeling
BackgroundTo assess whether early health economic modeling helps to distinguish those healthcare innovations that are potentially cost-effective from those that are not potentially cost-effective. We will also study what information is retrieved from the health economic models to inform further development, research and implementation decisions. MethodsWe performed secondary analyses on an existing database of 32 health economic modeling assessments of 30 innovations, performed by our group. First, we explored whether the assessments could distinguish innovations with potential cost-effectiveness from innovations without potential cost-effectiveness. Second, we explored which recommendations were made regarding development, implementation and further research of the innovation. ResultsOf the 30 innovations, 1 (3%) was an idea that was not yet being developed and 14 (47%) were under development. Eight (27%) innovations had finished development, and another 7 (23%) innovations were on the market. Although all assessments showed that the innovation had the potential to become cost-effective, due to improved patient outcomes, cost savings or both, differences were found in the magnitude of the potential benefits, and the likelihood of reaching this potential. The assessments informed how the innovation could be further developed or positioned to maximize its cost-effectiveness, and informed further research. ConclusionThe early health economic assessments provided insight in the potential cost-effectiveness of an innovation in its intended context, and the associated uncertainty. None of the assessments resulted in a firm ‘no-go’ recommendation, but recommendations could be provided on further research and development in order to maximize value for money.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3635_99fd58a49e9de6c0eeca1f1c96ac8c3c.pdf
2019-10-01
575
582
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.36
Innovation Policy
Innovation
Health Technology Assessment
Health Economic Modeling
Early Assessment
Janneke P.C.
Grutters
janneke.grutters@radboudumc.nl
1
Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tim
Govers
tim.govers@radboudumc.nl
2
Medvalue, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Jorte
Nijboer
jorte.nijboer@radboudumc.nl
3
Medvalue, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Marcia
Tummers
marcia.tummers@radboudumc.nl
4
Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Gert Jan
van der Wilt
gertjan.vanderwilt@radboudumc.nl
5
Department for Health Evidence, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Maroeska M.
Rovers
maroeska.rovers@radboudumc.nl
6
Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
AUTHOR
Dixon-Woods M, Amalberti R, Goodman S, Bergman B, Glasziou P. Problems and promises of innovation: why healthcare needs to rethink its love/hate relationship with the new. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20 Suppl 1:i47-51. doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2010.046227
1
Lehoux P, Miller FA, Daudelin G, Denis JL. Providing Value to New Health Technology: The Early Contribution of Entrepreneurs, Investors, and Regulatory Agencies. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(9):509-518. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.11
2
Claxton K, Sculpher M, Drummond M. A rational framework for decision making by the National Institute For Clinical Excellence (NICE). Lancet. 2002;360(9334):711-715. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09832-X
3
Levin L. Early Evaluation of New Health Technologies: The Case for Premarket Studies That Harmonize Regulatory and Coverage Perspectives. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2015;31(4):207-209. doi:10.1017/S0266462315000422
4
IJzerman MJ, Koffijberg H, Fenwick E, Krahn M. Emerging Use of Early Health Technology Assessment in Medical Product Development: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Pharmacoeconomics. 2017;35(7):727-740. doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0509-1
5
Cosh E., Girling A., R. L. Investing in new medical technologies: a decision framework. J Commer Biotechnol. 2007;13(4):263-271.
6
Girling A, Lilford R, Cole A, Young T. Headroom Approach to Device Development: Current and Future Directions. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2015;31(5):331-338. doi:10.1017/S0266462315000501
7
Girling A, Young T, Brown C, Lilford R. Early-stage valuation of medical devices: the role of developmental uncertainty. Value Health. 2010;13(5):585-591. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2010.00726.x
8
Koerber F, Rolauffs B, Rogowski W. Early evaluation and value-based pricing of regenerative medicine technologies. Regen Med. 2013;8(6):747-758. doi:10.2217/rme.13.69
9
Markiewicz K, van Til JA, Steuten LMG, IJzerman MJ. Commercial viability of medical devices using Headroom and return on investment calculation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2016;112:338-346. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.041
10
Chapman AM, Taylor CA, Girling AJ. Early HTA to Inform Medical Device Development Decisions – The Headroom Method. In: Roa Romero LM, ed. XIII Mediterranean Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Computing (IFMBE Proceedings) Vol 41. Seville, Spain: Springer International Publishing; 2013:1151-1154.
11
Caro JJ, Briggs AH, Siebert U, Kuntz KM, Force I-SMGRPT. Modeling good research practices--overview: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force--1. Value Health. 2012;15(6):796-803. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.06.012
12
Roberts M, Russell LB, Paltiel AD, et al. Conceptualizing a model: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force--2. Value Health. 2012;15(6):804-811. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.06.016
13
Briggs AH, Weinstein MC, Fenwick EA, et al. Model parameter estimation and uncertainty: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force--6. Value Health. 2012;15(6):835-842. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.04.014
14
Wack P. Scenarios: Uncharted Waters Ahead. Harvard Business Review. 1985(September).
15
Zorginstituut Nederland. Guideline for Economic Evaluation in Healthcare. Diemen: Zorginstituut Nederland; 2016.
16
Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Macfarlane F, Bate P, Kyriakidou O, Peacock R. Storylines of research in diffusion of innovation: a meta-narrative approach to systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(2):417-430. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.001
17
Kluytmans A, Tummers M, Van der Wilt GJ, Grutters JPC. Early Assessment of Proof-of-Problem to Guide Health Innovation. Value Health. 2019; Forthcoming.
18
Ector G, Govers TM, Westerweel PE, Grutters JPC, Blijlevens NMA. The potential health gain and cost savings of improving adherence in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2019. doi:10.1080/10428194.2018.1535113
19
Dijkstra S, Govers TM, Hendriks RJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a new urinary biomarker-based risk score compared to standard of care in prostate cancer diagnostics - a decision analytical model. BJU Int. 2017;120(5):659-665. doi:10.1111/bju.13861
20
Grutters JP, van Asselt MB, Chalkidou K, Joore MA. Healthy decisions: towards uncertainty tolerance in healthcare policy. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33(1):1-4. doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0201-7
21
Rothery C, Claxton K, Palmer S, Epstein D, Tarricone R, Sculpher M. Characterising Uncertainty in the Assessment of Medical Devices and Determining Future Research Needs. Health Econ. 2017;26 Suppl 1:109-123. doi:10.1002/hec.3467
22
Official Journal of the European Union. Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices, amending Directive 2001/83/EC, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 and Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and repealing Council Directives 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EEC. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2017.117.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2017:117:TOC. Accessed March 5, 2019.
23
Rogowski W, John J, IJzerman MJ. Translational Health Economics. In: Scheffler RM, ed. World Scientific Handbook of Global Health Economics and Public Policy. Volume 3 — Health System Characteristics and Performance. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co; 2016.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stakeholder Perceptions and Context of the Implementation of Performance-Based Financing in District Hospitals in Mali
Background To improve the performance of the healthcare system, Mali’s government implemented a pilot project of performance-based financing (PBF) in the field of reproductive health. It was established in the Koulikoro region. This research analyses the process of implementing PBF at district hospital (DH) level, something which has rarely been done in Africa. Methods This qualitative research is based on a multiple, explanatory, and contrasting case study with nested levels of analysis. It covered three of the 10 DHs in the Koulikoro region. We conducted 36 interviews: 12 per DH with council of circle’s members (2) and health personnel (10). We also conducted 24 non-participant observation sessions, 16 informal interviews, and performed a literature review. We performed data analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results Stakeholders perceived the PBF pilot project as a vertical intervention from outside that focused solely on reproductive health. Local actors were not involved in the design of the PBF model. Several difficulties regarding the quality of its design and implementation were highlighted: too short duration of the intervention (8 months), choice and insufficient number of indicators according to the priority of the donors, and impossibility of making changes to the model during its implementation. All health workers adhered to the principles of PBF intervention. Except for members of the district health management team (DHMT) involved in the implementation, respondents only had partial knowledge of the PBF intervention. The implementation of PBF appeared to be easier in District 3 Hospital compared to District 1 and District 2 because it benefited from a pre-pilot project and had good leadership. Conclusion The PBF programme offered an opportunity to improve the quality of care provided to the population through the motivation of health personnel in Mali. However, several obstacles were observed during the implementation of the PBF pilot project in DHs. When designing and implementing PBF in DHs, it is necessary to consider factors that can influence the implementation of a complex intervention.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3637_02d97a8e2f2d637c5bbca88e04de5edc.pdf
2019-10-01
583
592
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.45
Performance-Based Financing
Mali
Implementation
CFIR
District Hospitals
Tony
Zitti
tonyjonan@yahoo.fr
1
CEPED (UMR 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, École doctorale Pierre Louis de santé publique, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lara
Gautier
lara.gautier@umontreal.ca
2
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Abdourahmane
Coulibaly
coulibalyabdourahmane@gmail.com
3
Miseli Research NGO, Bamako, Mali
AUTHOR
Valéry
Ridde
valery.ridde@ird.fr
4
CEPED (UMR 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
AUTHOR
Fritsche GB, Soeters R, Meessen B. Performance-Based Financing Toolkit. Washington, D.C: The World Bank; 2014.
1
Turcotte-Tremblay AM, Spagnolo J, De Allegri M, Ridde V. Does performance-based financing increase value for money in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review. Health Econ Rev. 2016;6(1). doi:10.1186/s13561-016-0103-9
2
Meessen B, Soucat A, Sekabaraga C. Performance-based financing: just a donor fad or a catalyst towards comprehensive health-care reform? Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(2):153-156. doi:10.2471/BLT.10.077339
3
Gautier L, Tosun J, De Allegri M, Ridde V. How do diffusion entrepreneurs spread policies? Insights from performance-based financing in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Dev. 2018;110:160-175. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.032
4
Henrion E, Struwig A, Wedgwood Young E, Guay M, Duering C. Health Results Innovation Trust Fund Mid Term Review. Word Bank Group; 2018:130. https://www.rbfhealth.org/sites/rbf/files/HRITF%20MTR%20Final%2004042018.pdf. Accessed April 18, 2019.
5
Renmans D, Holvoet N, Orach CG, Criel B. Opening the ‘black box’ of performance-based financing in low- and lower middle-income countries: a review of the literature. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(9):1297-1309. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw045
6
Paul E, Albert L, Bisala BN, et al. Performance-based financing in low-income and middle-income countries: isn’t it time for a rethink? BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(1):e000664. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000664
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Witter S, Fretheim A, Kessy FL, Lindahl AK. Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007899.pub2
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Das A, Gopalan SS, Chandramohan D. Effect of pay for performance to improve quality of maternal and child care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:321. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2982-4
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Wiysonge CS, Paulsen E, Lewin S, et al. Financial arrangements for health systems in low-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews. In: Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group, ed. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. September 2017. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011084.pub2
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Ssengooba F, McPake B, Palmer N. Why performance-based contracting failed in Uganda – An “open-box” evaluation of a complex health system intervention. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(2):377-383. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.050
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12.Ogundeji YK, Jackson C, Sheldon T, Olubajo O, Ihebuzor N. Pay for performance in Nigeria: the influence of context and implementation on results. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(8):955-963. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw016
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Waweru E, Goodman C, Kedenge S, Tsofa B, Molyneux S. Tracking implementation and (un)intended consequences: a process evaluation of an innovative peripheral health facility financing mechanism in Kenya. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(2):137-147. doi:10.1093/heapol/czv030
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Antony M, Bertone MP, Barthes O. Exploring implementation practices in results-based financing: the case of the verification in Benin. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:204. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2148-9
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De Allegri M, Bertone MP, McMahon S, Chare IM, Robyn PJ. Unraveling PBF effects beyond impact evaluation: results from a qualitative study in Cameroon. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3(2):e000693.
15
Lohmann J, Wilhelm D, Kambala C, Brenner S, Muula AS, De Allegri M. ‘The money can be a motivator, to me a little, but mostly PBF just helps me to do better in my job.’ An exploration of the motivational mechanisms of performance-based financing for health workers in Malawi. Health Policy Plan. 2018;33(2):183-191. doi:10.1093/heapol/czx156
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Paul F. Health worker motivation and the role of performance based finance systems in Africa: a qualitative study on health worker motivation and the Rwandan performance based finance initiative in district hospitals. In: Science Working Paper. London: Development Studies Institute; 2009:36.
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Rudasingwa M, Uwizeye MR. Physicians’ and nurses’ attitudes towards performance-based financial incentives in Burundi: a qualitative study in the province of Gitega. Glob Health Action. 2017;10(1):1270813. doi:10.1080/16549716.2017.1270813.
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Bodson O, Barro A, Turcotte-Tremblay AM, Zanté N, Somé PA, Ridde V. A study on the implementation fidelity of the performance-based financing policy in Burkina Faso after 12 months. Arch Public Health. 2018;76(1). doi:10.1186/s13690-017-0250-4
19
Toonen J, Dao D, Koné B, Mathijssen J. Évaluation Finale : Accélérer l’atteinte de l’OMD 5 Dans La Région de Koulikoro - Projet Pilote Financement Basé Sur Les Résultats Dans Les Cercles de Dioïla et Banamba. Institut Royal Tropical; 2014.
20
Zombré D, De Allegri M, Ridde V. L’introduction puis le retrait du FBR n’ont pas eu d’effet sur l’utilisation des services de santé maternelle et infantile dans la région de Koulikoro au Mali. February 2017. http://www.equitesante.org/effets-du-fbr-sur-lutilisation-des-services-de-sante-maternelle-et-infantile-au-mali/.
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Seppey M, Ridde V, Touré L, Coulibaly A. Donor-funded project’s sustainability assessment: a qualitative case study of a results-based financing pilot in Koulikoro region, Mali. Glob Health. 2017;13(1):86. doi:10.1186/s12992-017-0307-8
22
World Bank. Mali - Strengthening Reproductive Health Project. Washington, DC: World Bank Group; 2017:81. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/542131502720462868/Mali-Strengthening-Reproductive-Health-Project. Accessed May 7, 2019.
23
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique. Manuel Opérationnel du Financement basé sur les résultats du projet PRSR-FBR. Août; 2016.
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Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC. Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci. 2009;4:50. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-4-50
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Yin RK. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 4th ed. Los Angeles, Calif: Sage Publications; 2009.
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Tremblay JM. Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique. In: Les classiques des sciences sociales. Chicoutimi, Ville de Saguenay, province de Québec, Canada: Bibliothèque Paul-Émile-Boulet de l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; 2007. http://classiques.uqac.ca/.
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Gagnon YC. L’étude de Cas Comme Méthode de Recherche. 2nd ed. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec; 2012.
28
Paul E, Sossouhounto N, Eclou DS. Local stakeholders’ perceptions about the introduction of performance-based financing in Benin: a case study in two health districts. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2014;3(4):207-214. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.93
29
Gautier L, Ridde V. Health financing policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: government ownership or donors’ influence? A scoping review of policymaking processes. Glob Health Res Policy. 2017;2:23. doi:10.1186/s41256-017-0043-x
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Kiendrébéogo JA, Shroff ZC, Berthé A, Yonli L, Béchir M, Meessen B. Why Performance-Based Financing in Chad Failed to Emerge on the National Policy Agenda. Health Syst Reform. 2017;3(2):80-90. doi:10.1080/23288604.2017.1280115
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Gautier L, De Allegri M, Ridde V. How is the discourse of performance-based financing shaped at the global level? A poststructural analysis. Glob Health. 2019;15(1):6. doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0443-9
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Janssen W, de Dieu Ngirabega J, Matungwa M, Van Bastelaere S. Improving quality through performance-based financing in district hospitals in Rwanda between 2006 and 2010: A 5-year experience. Trop Doct. 2015;45(1):27-35. doi:10.1177/0049475514554481
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Ridde V, Yaogo M, Zongo S, Somé P-A, Turcotte-Tremblay A-M. Twelve months of implementation of health care performance-based financing in Burkina Faso: A qualitative multiple case study. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018;33(1):e153-e167. doi:10.1002/hpm.2439.
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Kotagal M, Lee P, Habiyakare C, et al. Improving quality in resource poor settings: observational study from rural Rwanda. BMJ. 2009;339:b3488-b3488. doi:10.1136/bmj.b3488
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determinants of Enrolment and Renewing of Community-Based Health Insurance in Households With Under-5 Children in Rural South-Western Uganda
Background: The desire for universal health coverage in developing countries has brought attention to community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes in developing countries. The government of Uganda is currently debating policy for the national health insurance programme, targeting the integration of existing CBHI schemes into a larger national risk pool. However, while enrolment has been largely studied in other countries, it remains a generally under-covered issue from a Ugandan perspective. Using a large CBHI scheme, this study, therefore, aims at shedding more light on the determinants of households’ decisions to enrol and renew membership in these schemes. Methods We collected household data from 464 households in 14 villages served by a large CBHI scheme in south-western Uganda. We then estimated logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regressions to understand the determinants of enrolment and renewing membership in CBHI, respectively. Results Results revealed that household’s socioeconomic status, husband’s employment in rural casual work (odds ratio [OR]: 2.581, CI: 1.104-6.032) and knowledge of health insurance premiums (OR: 17.072, CI: 7.027-41.477) were significant predictors of enrolment. Social capital and connectivity, assessed by the number of voluntary groups a household belonged to, was also positively associated with CBHI participation (OR: 5.664, CI: 2.927-10.963). More positive perceptions on insurance (OR: 2.991, CI: 1.273-7.029), access to information were also associated with enrolment and renewing among others. Burial group size and number of burial groups in a village, were all significantly associated with increased the likelihood of renewing CBHI. Conclusion While socioeconomic factors remain important predictors of participation in insurance, mechanisms to promote inclusion should be devised. Improving the participation of communities can enhance trust in insurance and eventual coverage. Moreover, for households already insured, access to correct information and strengthening their social network information pathways enhances their chances of renewing.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3639_b39cc79594da69bf201a464d047aae64.pdf
2019-10-01
593
606
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.49
Community-Based Health Insurance
Enrolment
Renewing
Perceptions
Rural Uganda
Emmanuel
Nshakira-Rukundo
erukundo@uni-bonn.de
1
Institute for Food and Resource Economics (ILR), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
LEAD_AUTHOR
Essa Chanie
Mussa
essachanie@gmail.com
2
Department of Economics and Technological Change, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
AUTHOR
Nathan
Nshakira
nnshakira@gmail.com
3
Department of Environmental and Public Health, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
AUTHOR
Nicolas
Gerber
ngerber@uni-bonn.de
4
Department of Economics and Technological Change, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
AUTHOR
Joachim
von Braun
jvonbraun@uni-bonn.de
5
Department of Economics and Technological Change, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
AUTHOR
World Health Organization (WHO). Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: WHO; 2010.
1
Xu K, Evans DB, Carrin G, Aguilar-Rivera AM, Musgrove P, Evans T. Protecting households from catastrophic health spending. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26(4):972-983. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.26.4.972
2
Kruk ME, Goldmann E, Galea S. Borrowing and selling to pay for health care in low- and middle-income countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(4):1056-1066. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.4.1056
3
World Health Organization (WHO). Fifty-eighth World Health Assembly. Geneva: WHO; 2005:16-25.
4
Ekman B. Community-based health insurance in low-income countries: a systematic review of the evidence. Health Policy Plan. 2004;19(5):249-270. doi:10.1093/heapol/czh031
5
Bennett S. The role of community-based health insurance within the health care financing system: a framework for analysis. Health Policy Plan. 2004;19(3):147-158. doi:10.1093/heapol/czh018
6
Dror DM, Hossain SA, Majumdar A, Perez Koehlmoos TL, John D, Panda PK. What factors affect voluntary uptake of community-based health insurance schemes in low-and middle-income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0160479. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160479
7
Adebayo EF, Uthman OA, Wiysonge CS, Stern EA, Lamont KT, Ataguba JE. A systematic review of factors that affect uptake of community-based health insurance in low-income and middle-income countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:543. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1179-3
8
Nosratnejad S, Rashidian A, Dror DM. Systematic review of willingness to pay for health insurance in low and middle income countries. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0157470. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157470
9
Panda P, Chakraborty A, Raza W, Bedi AS. Renewing membership in three community-based health insurance schemes in rural India. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(10):1433-1444. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw090
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Basaza R, Criel B, Van der Stuyft P. Low enrollment in Ugandan Community Health Insurance schemes: underlying causes and policy implications. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7:105. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-105
11
Basaza R, Criel B, Van der Stuyft P. Community health insurance in Uganda: why does enrolment remain low? A view from beneath. Health Policy. 2008;87(2):172-184. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.12.008
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Basaza RK, Criel B, Van der Stuyft P. Community health insurance amidst abolition of user fees in Uganda: the view from policy makers and health service managers. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:33. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-33
13
Biggeri M, Nannini M, Putoto G. Assessing the feasibility of community health insurance in Uganda: A mixed-methods exploratory analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2018;200:145-155. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.027
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Cecchi F, Duchoslav J, Bulte E. Formal insurance and the dynamics of social capital: Experimental evidence from Uganda. J Afr Econ. 2016;25(3):418-438. doi:10.1093/jae/ejw002
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Twikirize JM. Community health insurance as a viable means of increasing access to health care for rural households in Uganda. University of Cape Town; 2009.
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Fadlallah R, El-Jardali F, Hemadi N, et al. Barriers and facilitators to implementation, uptake and sustainability of community-based health insurance schemes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Int J Equity Health. 2018;17(1):13. doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0721-4
17
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21
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Panda P, Chakraborty A, Dror DM, Bedi AS. Enrolment in community-based health insurance schemes in rural Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Health Policy Plan. 2014;29(8):960-974. doi:10.1093/heapol/czt077
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Mladovsky P. Why do people drop out of community-based health insurance? Findings from an exploratory household survey in Senegal. Soc Sci Med. 2014;107:78-88. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.008
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Abuosi AA, Domfeh KA, Abor JY, Nketiah-Amponsah E. Health insurance and quality of care: Comparing perceptions of quality between insured and uninsured patients in Ghana's hospitals. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15:76. doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0365-1
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Buttorff C, Trujillo AJ, Ruiz F, Amaya JL. Low rural health insurance take-up in a universal coverage system: perceptions of health insurance among the uninsured in La Guajira, Colombia. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2015;30(2):98-110. doi:10.1002/hpm.2209
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Morgan R, Tetui M, Muhumuza Kananura R, Ekirapa-Kiracho E, George AS. Gender dynamics affecting maternal health and health care access and use in Uganda. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32(suppl_5):v13-v21. doi:10.1093/heapol/czx011
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78
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Addressing NCDs: Penetration of the Producers of Hazardous Products into Global Health Environment Requires a Strong Response; Comment on “Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences”
Timely warnings and examples of industry interference in relation to tobacco, alcohol, food and breast milk substitutes are given in the editorial by Tangcharoensathien et al. Such interference is rife at national levels and also at the global level. In an era of ‘private public partnerships’ the alcohol and food industries have succeeded in insinuating themselves into the global health environment and their influence is seen in key recommendations regarding non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in United Nations (UN) reports. The absence of legally binding health treaties in these areas facilitates this industry engagement and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provides a valuable model to apply to control of other hazardous products.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3638_a25fa9944961b7d3d1ec551d6e9c8fa3.pdf
2019-10-01
607
609
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.52
Non-Communicable Diseases
Private Public Partnerships
Conflict of Interest
Health Treaties
Industry Interference
Sally
Casswell
s.casswell@massey.ac.nz
1
SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tangcharoensathien V, Chandrasiri O, Kunpeuk W, Markchang K, Pangkariya N. Addressing NCDs: challenges from industry market promotion and interferences. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019;8(5):256-260. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2019.02
1
World Health Organization. Preparation for the third High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, to be held in 2018 (Report by the Director-General). http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB142/B142_15-en.pdf. Accessed March 12, 2019. Published 2017.
2
Diageo. Diageo Annual Report 2017. https://solutions.vwdservices.com/products/documents/ed10423a-de9a-4659-accc-9929cb728e0a/?c=gaGYNdzTkhDUVseiV4HYG24l3XwN2zxAPgv6N5ZGCVTYV1kjr4DaTm0S3YFbnKnd. Accessed May 30, 2018. Published 2017.
3
Weishaar H, Dorfman L, Freudenberg N, et al. Why media representations of corporations matter for public health policy: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:899. doi:10.1186/s12889-12016-13594-12888
4
Cuong PV, Casswell S, Parker K, et al. Cross-country comparison of proportion of alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions using the International Alcohol Control (IAC) study. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018;37:S45–S52. doi:10.1111/dar.12665
5
Roache SA, Gostin LO. The untapped power of soda taxes: incentivizing consumers, generating revenue, and altering corporate behavior. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6:489-493. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.69
6
O'Kelly PM, Davies A, Greig AJ, Lee KK. Obesity prevention in a city state: lessons from New York City during the Bloomberg Administration. Front Public Health. 2016;4:60. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00060
7
Babor T, Robaina K. Public health, academic medicine, and the alcohol industry’s corporate social responsibility activities. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(2):206-214.
8
Ferreira-Borges C, Endal D, Babor T, Dias S, Kachiwiya M, Zakeyu N. Alcohol policy process in Malawi: Making it happen. Int J Alcohol Drug Res. 2014;3(3):187-192.
9
McCambridge J, Hawkins B, Holden C. Vested interests in addiction research and policy. The challenge corporate lobbying poses to reducing society's alcohol problems: insights from UK evidence on minimum unit pricing. Addiction. 2014;109(2):199-205. doi:10.1111/add.12380
10
Hawkins B, Holden C, Eckhardt J, Lee K. Reassessing policy paradigms: a comparison of the global tobacco and alcohol industries. Glob Public Health. 2018;13(1):1-19. doi:10.1080/17441692.2016.1161815
11
Moscetti C, Taylor A. Take me to your liter: politics, power and public-private partnerships with the sugar-sweetened beverage industry in the post-2015 development agenda. Wash Int Law J. 2015;24:635.
12
World Health Organization. Civil society interactive hearing on noncommunicable diseases on 16 June 2011. https://www.who.int/nmh/events/2011/informal_hearing/en/index1.html. Accessed May 3, 2019. Published 2011.
13
Stuckler D, Basu S, McKee M. Commentary: UN high level meeting on non-communicable diseases: an opportunity for whom? BMJ. 2011;343:d5336. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5336
14
Whitaker K, Webb D, Linou N. Commercial influence in control of non-communicable diseases. BMJ. 2018;360:k110. doi:10.1136/bmj.k110
15
Lieberman A. UN meeting on NCDs falls short on hard commitments, civil society say. https://www.devex.com/news/un-meeting-on-ncds-falls-short-on-hard-commitments-civil-society-say-93547. Accessed May 2, 2019. Published 2018.
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World Health Organization (WHO). Framework of engagement with non-State actors. WHO; http://www.who.int/about/collaborations/non-state-actors/A69_R10-FENSA-en.pdf. Accessed April 6, 2018. Published 2016.
17
Torjesen I. Exclusive: Partnering with alcohol industry on public health is not okay, WHO says. BMJ. 2019;365:1666. doi:1610.1136/bmj.l1666
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
All It Takes for Corruption in Health Systems to Triumph, Is Good People Who Do Nothing; Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems”
Numerous investigations demonstrate that the problem of corruption in the health sector is enormous and has grave negative consequences for patients. Nevertheless, the problem of corruption in health systems is far from eminent in the international health policy debate. Hutchinson, Balabanova, and McKee have identifed in their Editorial five reasons why the health policy community has been reluctant to talk about it: (1) Problem of defining corruption; (2) Some corrupt practices are actually ways of making dysfunctional systems work; (3) The serious challenges to researching corruption; (4) Concerns that focus on corruption is a form of victim blaming that ignores larger issues; and (5) Lack of evidence about what works to tackle it. In this commentary, we pay a closer and critical look at these five excuses for doing nothing. We conclude that the vast majority of the world population, being the poor in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) who disproportionately suffer from the problem of corruption in health systems, need good people with high moral and ethical principles who have the courage to disregard these five reasons. The poor need good people who understand that it is crucial to first acknowledge this problem, despite the obvious uncertainties involved, before you can change it. The poor therefore need good editors, good policy-makers, good managers, and good clinicians. We agree with the authors that we first need to talk about corruption. But above all, we need good people who are subsequently willing to walk the talk.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3641_a958266bd3867be6255ef67f8152c5b7.pdf
2019-10-01
610
612
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.53
Corruption
Health Sector
Low and Middle-Income Countries
Saskia
Mostert
s.mostert@amsterdamumc.nl
1
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gertjan
Kaspers
gjl.kaspers@amsterdamumc.nl
2
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Hutchinson E, Balabanova D, McKee M. We need to talk about corruption in health systems. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;8(4):191-194. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.123
1
Mostert S, Njuguna F, Olbara G, et al. Corruption in health-care systems and its effect on cancer care in Africa. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(8):e394-404. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00163-1
2
Transparency International. Global Corruption Report 2006. https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_2006_corruption_and_health.
3
Alatas SH. The Problem of Corruption. Singapore: Fong & Sons Printers; 1986.
4
Mostert S, Sitaresmi MN, Njuguna F, van Beers EJ, Kaspers GJ. Effect of corruption on medical care in low-income countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;58(3):325-326. doi:10.1002/pbc.23408
5
Einterz EM. International aid and medical practice in the less-developed world: doing it right. Lancet. 2001;357(9267):1524-1525. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04640-7
6
Lewis M. Governance and corruption in public health care systems. Center for Global Development website. https://www.cgdev.org/publication/governance-and-corruption-public-health-care-systems-working-paper-78. Published January 26, 2006.
7
Adusei LA. Hiding Africa's looted funds: The silence of Western media. WikiLeaks website. https://wikileaks.org/wiki/Hiding_Africa%27s_Looted_Funds:_The_Silence_of_Western_Media. Published June 18, 2009.
8
Conde A. At Davos, the west must help us root out corruption in Africa. The Guardian; January 22, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/22/africa-corruption-west-davos-guinea-offshore-deals.
9
Gumede W. FPC Briefing: Corruption Fighting Efforts in Africa Fail Because Root Causes Are Poorly Understood. https://fpc.org.uk/fpc-briefing-corruption-fighting-efforts-in-africa-fail-because-root-causes-are-poorly-understood/. Published 2012.
10
Mostert S, Arora RS, Arreola M, et al. Abandonment of treatment for childhood cancer: position statement of a SIOP PODC Working Group. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(8):719-720. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70128-0
11
Mostert S, Njuguna F, Langat SC, et al. Two overlooked contributors to abandonment of childhood cancer treatment in Kenya: parents' social network and experiences with hospital retention policies. Psychooncology. 2014;23(6):700-707. doi:10.1002/pon.3571
12
Mostert S, Njuguna F, van de Ven PM, et al. Influence of health-insurance access and hospital retention policies on childhood cancer treatment in Kenya. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61(5):913-918. doi:10.1002/pbc.24896
13
Mostert S, Lam CG, Njuguna F, Patenaude AF, Kulkarni K, Salaverria C. Hospital detention practices: statement of a global taskforce. Lancet. 2015;386(9994):649. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61495-7
14
Mostert S, Njuguna F, van der Burgt RHM, et al. Health-care providers' perspectives on health-insurance access, waiving procedures, and hospital detention practices in Kenya. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(8):e27221. doi:10.1002/pbc.27221
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nurturing Societal Values in and Through Health Innovations; Comment on “What Health System Challenges Should Responsible Innovation in Health Address?”
Aligning innovation processes in healthcare with health system demands is a societal objective, not always achieved. In line with earlier contributions, Lehoux et al outline priorities for research, public communication, and policy action to achieve this objective. We endorse setting these priorities, while also highlighting a ‘commitment gap’ in collectively addressing system-level challenges. To acknowledge that stakeholders engaged in dialogue with one another are addressing the commitment gap is not a small step but a giant leap towards realising a socially responsible innovation agenda. Translating system-level demand signals into innovation opportunities is, therefore, the task-cum-art of all stakeholders, one that often prompts them to innovate how they deal with innovations.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3645_ad828ea56e3839344d68fae22541b403.pdf
2019-10-01
613
615
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.57
Innovation Policy
Stakeholder Participation
Social Entrepreneurship
Health Technology Assessment
Responsible Innovation
Payam
Abrishami
pabrishami@zinl.nl
1
National Health Care Institute, Diemen, The Netherlands
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sjoerd
Repping
s.repping@amc.uva.nl
2
Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Cutler DM, McClellan M. Is technological change in medicine worth it? Health Aff (Millwood). 2001;20(5):11-29.
1
Lehoux P. The problem of health technology: policy implications for modern health care systems. New York: Routledge; 2006.
2
Abrishami P. Public Value of Medical Innovations: A quest for all and for all seasons [dissertation]. Maastricht: Maastricht University; 2018.
3
Gelijns AC, Brown LD, Magnell C, Ronchi E, Moskowitz AJ. Evidence, politics, and technological change. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24(1):29-40. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.24.1.29
4
Karaca-Mandic P, Town RJ, Wilcock A. The effect of physician and hospital market structure on medical technology diffusion. Health Serv Res. 2017;52(2):579-598. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12506
5
Lehoux P, Roncarolo F, Silva HP, Boivin A, Denis JL, Hebert R. What health system challenges should responsible innovation in health address? Insights from an international scoping review. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;8(2):63-75. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.110
6
Ehrenhard M, Wijnhoven F, van den Broek T, Zinck Stagno M. Unlocking how start-ups create business value with mobile applications: development of an app-enabled business innovation cycle. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2017;115:26-36. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.09.011
7
Epstein D, ProPublica. When evidence says no, but doctors say yes. The Atlantic. February 22, 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/02/when-evidence-says-no-but-doctors-say-yes/517368/.
8
Hulstaert F, Neyt M, Vinck I, et al. Pre-market clinical evaluations of innovative high-risk medical devices in Europe. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2012;28(3):278-284. doi:10.1017/s0266462312000335
9
Garrow JS. What to do about CAM: How much of orthodox medicine is evidence based? BMJ. 2007;335(7627):951. doi:10.1136/bmj.39388.393970.1F
10
Hofmann BM. Too much technology. BMJ. 2015;350:h705. doi:10.1136/bmj.h705
11
Lucivero F. Ethical Assessments of Emerging Technologies: Appraising the moral plausibility of technological visions. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.
12
Koopmanschap M, de Meijer C, Polder J. Determinants of health care expenditure in an aging society. Netspar Panel Paper 22. Tilburg: Tilburg University; 2010.
13
RIVM. Public Health Foresight Study. Dutch National Institute of Health and the Environment (RIVM); 2018. https://www.vtv2018.nl/en.
14
Bodenheimer T. High and rising health care costs. Part 2: technologic innovation. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(11):932-937. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-11-200506070-00012
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Rye CB, Kimberly JR. The adoption of innovations by provider organizations in health care. Med Care Res Rev. 2007;64(3):235-278. doi:10.1177/1077558707299865
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Schulman KA, Richman BD. Toward an effective innovation agenda. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(10):900-901. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1812460
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Velasco Garrido M, Gerhardus A, Rottingen JA, Busse R. Developing health technology assessment to address health care system needs. Health Policy. 2010;94(3):196-202. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.10.002
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Henshall C, Schuller T. Health technology assessment, value-based decision making, and innovation. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2013;29(4):353-359. doi:10.1017/s0266462313000378
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Abelson J, Blacksher EA, Li KK, Boesveld SE, Goold SD. Public deliberation in health policy and bioethics: mapping an emerging, interdisciplinary field. Journal of Public Deliberation. 2013;9(1):5.
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Crawshaw P. Public health policy and the behavioural turn: The case of social marketing. Crit Soc Policy. 2013;33(4):616-637. doi:10.1177/0261018313483489
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
We Need to Measure and Address Corruption and Poor Governance in Health Systems; Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems”
Hutchinson et al offer a compelling argument for greater attention to and work in corruption in healthcare. We indeed need to talk about corruption, to understand and to grasp how to prevent and address it. This paper lays out some of the rationale for how to define the research questions, how best to address corruption – arguing that governance rather than corruption may offer a preferred starting point, and highlighting some options for measuring, analyzing and stemming corruption.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3654_3b52961bff04d23b911ed519253383dc.pdf
2019-10-01
616
619
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.44
Healthcare
Healthcare Corruption
Governance and Healthcare
Maureen
Lewis
mlewis@acesoglobal.org
1
Aceso Global, Washington, DC, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hutchinson E, Balabanova D, McKee M. We need to talk about corruption in health systems. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019;8(4):191–194. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.123
1
Lewis M. Informal payments and the financing of health care in developing and transition countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26(4):984-997. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.26.4.984
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Lewis MA, Pettersson G. Governance in health care delivery: raising performance. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5074. World Bank; 2009.
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Schipperges J, Pavlova M, Stepurko T, Vincke P, Groot W. Evidence on Corruption in Public Procurements in Healthcare and the Implications for Policy. In: Polese A, Williams CC, Horodnic IA, Bejakovic P, eds. The Informal Economy in Global Perspective: Varieties of Governance. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; 2017:293-317.
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Kruk ME, Gage AD, Arsenault C, et al. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(11):e1196-e1252. doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30386-3
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Crossing the global quality chasm: Improving health care worldwide. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2018.
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Kankeu HT, Ventelou B. Socioeconomic inequalities in informal payments for health care: An assessment of the ‘Robin Hood’ hypothesis in 33 African countries. Soc Sci Med. 2016;151:173-186. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.015
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Makgetla I. Interview with Dora Akunyili. Innovations for Successful Societies: Oral history Program. September 4, 2009.
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OECD. Ineffective spending and waste in health care systems: Framework and findings. 2017:17-59.
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Busse R, Geissler A, Aaviksoo A, et al. Diagnosis related groups in Europe: moving towards transparency, efficiency, and quality in hospitals? BMJ. 2013;346:f3197. doi:10.1136/bmj.f3197
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Georgescu I, Hartmann FG. Sources of financial pressure and up coding behavior in French public hospitals. Health Policy. 2013;110(2-3):156-163. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.02.003
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Hogwood P. German Healthcare in Transition: Global Pressures, Governance and Public Wellbeing. In: Mattei P, ed. Public Accountability and Health Care Governance: Public Management Reforms Between Austerity and Democracy. London: Palgrave Macmillan; 2016:13-35.
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Sparrow MK. Fraud in the US health-care system: exposing the vulnerabilities of automated payments systems. Soc Res. 2008;75(4):1151-1180.
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Gamkrelide A, Atun R, Gotsadze G, MacLehose L, McKee M, World Health Organization. Health care systems in transition: Georgia. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2002.
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Campos JE, Pradhan S. The Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2007.
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Balcerowicz L, Rzonca A. Institutional systems and economic growth. Puzzles of Economic Growth; 2015:37.
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Kaberuka D. Africa’s policy choices in an era of rapid growth. Africa at a Fork in the Road: Taking Off or Disappointment Once Again. 2015:39-44.
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Savedoff, William D. Public Expenditure Tracing Surveys: Planning, Implementation and Uses. Mimeo. Washington, DC: Social Insight and World Bank; 2008.
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Waly W, Martin GH. Education and health services in Uganda: data for results and accountability. Service delivery indicators. Washington DC: World Bank; 2013.
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Welham B, Hart T, Mustapha S, Sierd H. Public financial management and health service delivery; necessary, but not sufficient. London (UK): Overseas Development Institute; 2017.
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Di Tella R, Savedoff WD. Diagnosis corruption: fraud in Latin America’s public hospitals. Inter-American Development Bank; 2001.
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Sari N, Langenbrunner JC, Lewis MA. Affording out-of-pocket payments for health-services: evidence from Kazakhstan. Eurohealth. 2000;16(2):37-39.
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Cohen, JC, Montoya JC. Using technology to fight corruption in pharmaceutical purchasing: lessons learned from the Chilean experience. Washington, DC: World Bank Institute; 2001.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Demystify False Dilemmas to Speak About Corruption in Health Systems: Different Actors, Different Perspectives, Different Strategies; Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems”
The call of the editorial of the International Journal of Health Policy and Management regarding the “Need to talk about corruption in health systems” is spot on. However, the perceived difficulties of why this is so should be explored from an actor’s perspective, as they differ for government actors, donors and the research community. In particular, false dilemmas around definition problems should be demystified, including by building systematic bridges between the anti-corruption/integrity and health policy communities of practice. In addition, the focus on corruption in frontline health service delivery generating mainly problems of access to health, needs to be complemented with addressing sophisticated kickback schemes, nepotism, and state capture of legislative and regulatory agencies and processes draining the health systems of large amounts of resources leading to another false dilemma of assumed sector underfunding. In terms of what can be done, comprehensive corruption experience and risk assessments conducted by independent actors, eg, universities, aimed at generating some basic consensus among the different actors of priority areas to be addressed on the basis of a co-responsibility approach could provide the basis for reform. Finally, governments and private sector actors in countries characterized by systemic corruption and clientelistic political systems will not reform themselves without strong and sustained demand from civil society and the media.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3648_68ae1257a8e53b6d80f47362df85dd3c.pdf
2019-10-01
620
622
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.61
Corruption in Health
Anti-corruption in Health
Corruption Risk Assessments
Conflicts of Interest
Karen
Hussmann
karen.hussmann@gmail.com
1
Transparency International (TI), Berlin, Germany
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hutchinson E, Balabanova D, McKee M. We need to talk about corruption in health systems. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019;8(4):191-194. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.123
1
Transparency International Health Initiative. The Ignored Pandemic: How corruption in healthcare service delivery threatens Universal Health Coverage. http://ti-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/IgnoredPandemic-WEB-v3.pdf. Published March 2019.
2
Ali K. Citizens demand better healthcare in Pakistan — and get it. https://voices.transparency.org/citizens-demand-better-healthcare-in-pakistan-and-get-it-e5a0364382bf. Published December 5, 2017.
3
U4 Helpdesk Answer. Anti-corruption in the health sector in Southeast Asia https://www.u4.no/publications/anti-corruption-in-the-health-sector-in-southeast-asia. December 19, 2018.
4
Investigation in Cambodia. https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/oig/updates/2017-03-03-investigation-in-cambodia/. Published March 3, 2017.
5
Transparency International. Global Corruption Report 2006: Why are health systems prone to corruption? by W. Savedoff/K. Hussmann. https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_2006_corruption_and_health. Published February 1, 2006.
6
Hussmann K. U4 Report: Anticorruption policy-making in practice: what can be learned for implementing Article 5 of UNCAC. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute; 2007.
7
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector. August 16, 2016. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008856.pub2
8
Hussmann K, Rivillas JC. Financial “Blood-letting” in the Colombian health system: rent-seeking in a public health insurance fund. In: Søreide T, Williams A, eds. Corruption, Grabbing and Development: Real World Challenges. Edward Elgar Pub; 2014.
9
Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Economía de la Salud (GES).Caracterización de riesgos y prácticas de corrupción y opacidad, e identificación de niveles de tolerancia a la corrupción en el sistema de salud colombiano. https://actuecolombia.net/images/docs/IFRiesgosdecorrupcionyopacidad.pdf. Published May 2018.
10
Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Economía de la Salud (GES). Recomendaciones de política: en búsqueda de una mayor integridad y transparencia en el sistema de salud colombiano. Medellin, Colombia: MPS Publicidad; 2018.
11
Second OGP Plan of Colombia which contains the transparency and accountability commitments of the Ministry of Health in its Pharma Policy. https://www.opengovpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Colombia_End-of-Term_Self-Assessment_2015-2017.pdf.
12
Universidad de los Andes. Estudio de caso de las estrategias de transparencia en el sector salud en Colombia. http://www.actuecolombia.net/images/docs/InFiEiniciativasTransparenciaSectorSalud.pdf. Published December 2017.
13
Tackling corruption in the health sector to leave no one behind. WHO website. https://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/news/anti-corruption-transparency-accountability-in-health-systems/en/.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Health System Impact Fellowship: Perspectives From the Program Leads; Comment on “CIHR Health System Impact Fellows: Reflections on ‘Driving Change’ Within the Health System”
As the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) leads in designing and implementing the new Health System Impact (HSI) Fellowship program, we congratulate Sim et al for their thoughtful contribution to the nascent literature on embedded research, and for advancing our own learning about the HSI Fellowship experience. In our commentary, we describe the HSI Fellowship and its key components, discuss the factors that motivated and inspired the creation of the program, and highlight successes thus far.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3653_9fa3189a76d3548b666e6b142fa13e60.pdf
2019-10-01
623
626
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.59
Health Services Research
Embedded Researcher
Learning Health Systems
Post-doctoral Training
Canada
Meghan
McMahon
meghan.mcmahon@mail.utoronto.ca
1
Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Health Services and Policy Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Robyn
Tamblyn
robyn.tamblyn@mcgill.ca
2
Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Health Services and Policy Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Sim SM, Lai J, Aubrecht K, et al. CIHR health system impact fellows: reflections on “driving change” within the health system. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019;8(6):325-328. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.124
1
Canadian Health Services and Policy Research Alliance Training Modernization Working Group. Modernizing Health Services and Policy Research Training: A pan-Canadian Strategy. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institutes of Health Research. https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/5adc92_4b4c942ad529449489953892703473cc.pdf. Accessed April 15, 2019. Published December 2015.
2
Bornstein S. Modernizing our doctoral and post-doctoral training programs: bold new initiatives. HealthcarePapers. 2016;16(Special Issue):55-58. doi:10.12927/hcpap.2016.24727
3
Reid RR. Embedding Research in Learning Health Systems. HealthcarePapers. 2016;16(Special Issue):30-35. doi:10.12927/hcpap.2016.24724
4
Tamblyn RT, McMahon M, Nadigel J, et al. Health System Transformation Through Research Innovation. HealthcarePapers. 2016:16(Special Issue):8-19. doi:10.12927/hcpap.2016.24719
5
Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Health System Impact Fellowship – Funding Opportunity. https://www.researchnet-recherchenet.ca/rnr16/vwOpprtntyDtls.do?all=1&masterList=true&next=1&org=CIHR&prog=2986&resultCount=25&sort=program&type=EXACT&view=currentOpps&language=E. Published 2018.
6
Bornstein S, Heritage M, Chudak A, Tamblyn R, McMahon M, Brown AD. Development of enriched core competencies for health services and policy research. Health Serv Res. 2018;53 Suppl 2:4004-4023. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12847
7
Edge J, Munro, D. Inside and Outside the Academy: Valuing and Preparing PhDs for Careers. Ottawa. Conference Board of Canada; 2015.
8
University of Toronto. Employed and Engaged: An Overview of the 10,000 PhDs Project. http://www.sgs.utoronto.ca/Documents/SGS_Overview_10KPhDsProject.pdf. Published 2016.
9
McMahon M, Habib B, Tamblyn R. The career outcomes of health services and policy research doctoral graduates. Healthcare Policy. 2019; In Press.
10
Auriol L, M Misu, Freeman R. Careers of Doctorate Holders: Analysis of Labour Market and Mobility Indicators. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2013/04, Paris: OECD Publishing; 2013. doi:10.1787/5k43nxgs289w-en
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Porter S, Mol L, Locher J, Johnston M. UBC PhD Career Outcomes: Graduates from 2005 to 2013 UBC Vancouver Campus. UBC Graduate & Postdoctoral Studies. http://outcomes.grad.ubc.ca/docs/UBC_PhD_Career_Outcomes_April2017.pdf. Published 2017.
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Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Guide to Knowledge Translation Planning at CIHR: Integrated and End-of-Grant Approaches. 2012. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/45321.html#a3. Published 2012.
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Elevate. Mitacs website. https://www.mitacs.ca/en/programs/elevate. Accessed April 29, 2019.
14
Delivery System Science Fellowship. AcademyHealth website. https://www.academyhealth.org/dssf. Accessed April 29, 2019.
15
Kanani N, Hahn EE, Gould MK, Brunisholz KD, Savitz LA, Holve EC. AcademyHealth’s Delivery System Science Fellowship: training embedded researchers to design, implement and evaluate new models of care. J Hosp Med. 2017;12(7):570-574.
16
Pardee RAND Graduate School. Program Review Self Study. https://www.prgs.edu/content/dam/prgs/documents/program-review-self-study.pdf. Published 2014. Accessed March 12, 2017.
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European Commission. Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions – overview. Available https://ec.europa.eu/research/mariecurieactions/node_en. Accessed July 3, 2019. Published 2017.
18
Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 2018 Health System Impact Fellow Profiles. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/51201.html. Accessed April 30, 2019.
19
Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 2017 Health System Impact Fellow Profiles. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50660.html. Accessed April 30, 2019.
20
McMahon M, Brown A, Bornstein S, Tamblyn R. Developing Competencies for Health System Impact: Early Lessons learned from the Health System Impact Fellows. Healthcare Policy. 2019; In Press.
21
Bornstein S, McMahon M, Yiu V, Haroun V, Manson H, et al. Exploring mentorship as a strategy to build capacity and optimize the embedded scientist workforce. Healthcare Policy. 2019; In Press.
22
Blanchette MA, Saari M, Aubrecht K, Bailey C, Cheng I, et al. Making Contributions and Defining Success: an eDelphi Study of the Inaugural Cohort of CIHR Health System Impact Fellows, Host Supervisors and Academic Supervisors. Healthcare Policy, 2019; In Press.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Are Pharmaceutical Company Payments Incentivising Malpractice in Japanese Physicians?
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3650_a81eb96d896a2cd63e68b437cc222169.pdf
2019-10-01
627
628
10.15171/ijhpm.2019.60
Pharmaceutical Payments
Database
Research Systems
Collaboration
Yurie
Kobashi
tenten.yurie@gmail.com
1
Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Makoto
Watanabe
watanabe-m.wijp@protonmail.com
2
Waseda Chronicle, Tokyo, Japan
AUTHOR
Hideaki
Kimura
kimura.hideaki.jp@gmail.com
3
Waseda Chronicle, Tokyo, Japan
AUTHOR
Asaka
Higuchi
a.higuchi1025@gmail.com
4
Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
AUTHOR
Akihiko
Ozaki
ozakiakihiko@gmail.com
5
Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
AUTHOR
Lemmens T. Leopards in the temple: restoring scientific integrity to the commercialized research scene. J Law Med Ethics. 2004;32:641-657. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb01969.x
1
McNeill PM, Kerridge IH, Henry DA, et al. Giving and receiving of gifts between pharmaceutical companies and medical specialists in Australia. Intern Med J. 2006;36:571-578. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01151.x
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Rosenbaum L. Conflicts of interest: part 1: Reconnecting the dots–reinterpreting industry-physician relations. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1860-1864. doi:10.1056/NEJMms1502493
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Fickweiler F, Fickweiler W, Urbach E. Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry generally and sales representatives specifically and their association with physicians’ attitudes and prescribing habits: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016408. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016408
4
Nissen SE.Conflicts of interest and professional medical associations progress and remaining challenges. JAMA. 2017;317:1737-1738. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.2516
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Sawano T, Ozaki A, Saito H, Shimada Y, Tanimoto T. Payments From Pharmaceutical Companies to Authors Involved in the Valsartan Scandal in Japan. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(5):e193817. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3817
6
Saito H, Ozaki A, Kobayashi Y, Sawano T, Tanimoto T. Pharmaceutical company payments to executive board members of professional medical associations in Japan. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(4):578-580. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7283
7
Saito H, Ozaki A, Sawano T, Shimada Y, Tanimoto T. Evaluation of pharmaceutical company payments and conflict of interest disclosures among oncology clinical practice guideline authors in Japan. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(4):e192834. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2834
8