TY - JOUR ID - 4016 TI - Conflict of Interest Policies at Medical Schools and Teaching Hospitals: A Systematic Review of Cross-sectional Studies JO - International Journal of Health Policy and Management JA - IJHPM LA - en SN - AU - Fabbri, Alice AU - Rasmussen Hone, Kristine AU - Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn AU - Lundh, Andreas AD - Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO), University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark AD - Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 VL - 11 IS - 8 SP - 1274 EP - 1285 KW - Conflict of Interest KW - Policies KW - industry KW - Medical Schools KW - Teaching Hospitals DO - 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.12 N2 - Background  This systematic review aims to estimate the proportion of medical schools and teaching hospitals with conflicts of interest (COI) policies for health research and education, to describe the provisions included in the policies and their impact on research outputs and educational quality or content.Methods  Experimental and observational studies reporting at least one of the above mentioned aims were included irrespective of language, publication type or geographical setting. MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Methodology Register were searched from inception to March 2020. Methodological study quality was assessed using an amended version of the Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist for prevalence studies. Results  Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were included; all were conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 20 studies estimated the prevalence of COI policies, which ranged from 5% to 100% (median: 85%). Twenty studies assessed the provisions included in COI policies with different assessment methods. Of these, nine analysed the strength of the content of medical schools’ COI policies using various assessment tools that looked at a range of policy domains. The mean standardised summary score of policy strength ranged from 2% to 73% (median: 30%), with a low score indicating a weak policy. North American institutions more frequently had COI policies and their content was rated as stronger than policies from European institutions. None of the included studies assessed the impact of COI policies on research outputs or educational quality or content. Conclusion  Prevalence of COI policies at medical schools and teaching hospitals varied greatly in high-income countries. No studies estimated the prevalence of policies in low to middle-income countries. The content of COI policies varied widely and while most European institutions ranked poorly, in North America more medical schools had strong policies. No studies were identified on impact of COI policies on research outputs and educational quality or content. UR - https://www.ijhpm.com/article_4016.html L1 - https://www.ijhpm.com/article_4016_9b52fd2f55d0bfe9d1014d5789bbc3d2.pdf ER -