@article { author = {Jansen, Maarten P.M. and Baltussen, Rob and Bærøe, Kristine}, title = {Stakeholder Participation for Legitimate Priority Setting: A Checklist}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {973-976}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.57}, abstract = {Accountable decision-makers are required to legitimize their priority setting decisions in health to members of society. In this perspective we stress the point that fair, legitimate processes should reflect efforts of authorities to treat all stakeholders as moral equals in terms of providing all people with well-justified, reasonable reasons to endorse the decisions. We argue there is a special moral concern for being accountable to those who are potentially adversely affected by decisions. Health authorities need to operationalize this requirement into real world action. In this perspective, we operationalize five key steps in doing so, in terms of (i) proactively identifying potentially adversely affected stakeholders; (ii) comprehensively including them in the decision-making process; (iii) ensuring meaningful participation; (iv) communication of recommendations or decisions; and (v) the organization of evaluation and appeal mechanisms. Health authorities are advised to use a checklist in the form of 29 reflective questions, aligned with these five key steps, to assist them in the practical organization of legitimate priority setting in healthcare.}, keywords = {Priority Setting,Accountability for Reasonableness,Legitimacy,Stakeholder Participation}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3514.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3514_3ad2240d1138a5a9b4f979e3e003a4ee.pdf} } @article { author = {Reddy, Priscilla and Desai, Rachana and Sifunda, Sibusiso and Chalkidou, Kalipso and Hongoro, Charles and Macharia, William and Roberts, Helen}, title = {“You Travel Faster Alone, but Further Together”: Learning From a Cross Country Research Collaboration From a British Council Newton Fund Grant}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {977-981}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.73}, abstract = {Providing universal health coverage (UHC) through better maternal, neonatal, child and adolescent health (MNCAH) can benefit both parties through North–South research collaborations. This paper describes lessons learned from bringing together early career researchers, tutors, consultants and mentors from the United Kingdom, Kenya, and South Africa to work in multi-disciplinary teams in a capacity-building workshop in Johannesburg, co-ordinated by senior researchers from the three partner countries. We recruited early career researchers and research users from a range of sectors and institutions in the participating countries and offered networking sessions, plenary lectures, group activities and discussions. To encourage bonding and accommodate cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary partners, we asked participants to respond to questions relating to research priorities and interventions in order to allocate them into multidisciplinary and cross-country teams. A follow up meeting took place in London six months later. Over the five day initial workshop, discussions informed the development of four draft research proposals. Intellectual collaboration, friendship and respect were engendered to sustain future collaborations, and we were able to identify factors which might assist capacity-building funders and organizers in future. This was a modestly funded brief intervention, with a follow-up made possible through the careful stewardship of resources and volunteerism. Having low and middle-income countries in the driving seat was a major benefit but not without logistic and financial challenges. Lessons learned and follow-up are described along with recommendations for future funding of partnerships schemes.}, keywords = {Capacity Development,Workshop,Collaboration,Sustainability,Interdisciplinary}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3529.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3529_2e31e332871d34046f31f2a75588eb49.pdf} } @article { author = {Strøm Synnevåg, Ellen and Amdam, Roar and Fosse, Elisabeth}, title = {Intersectoral Planning for Public Health: Dilemmas and Challenges}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {982-992}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.59}, abstract = {Background Intersectoral action is often presented as essential in the promotion of population health and health equity. In Norway, national public health policies are based on the Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach that promotes whole-of-government responsibility. As part of the promotion of this intersectoral responsibility, planning is presented as a tool that every Norwegian municipality should use to integrate public health policies into their planning and management systems. Although research on implementing the HiAP approach is increasing, few studies apply a planning perspective. To address this gap in the literature, our study investigates how three Norwegian municipalities experience the use of planning as a tool when implementing the HiAP approach.   Methods To investigate planning practices in three Norwegian municipalities, we used a qualitative multiple case study design based on face-to-face interviews. When analysing and discussing the results, we used the dichotomy of instrumental and communicative planning approaches, in addition to a collaborative planning approach, as the theoretical framework.   Results The municipalities encounter several dilemmas when using planning as a tool for implementing the HiAP approach. Balancing the use of qualitative and quantitative knowledge and balancing the use of structural and processual procedures are two such dilemmas. Other dilemmas include balancing the use of power and balancing action and understanding in different municipal contexts. They are also faced with the dilemma of whether to place public health issues at the forefront or to present these issues in more general terms.   Conclusion We argue that the dilemmas experienced by the municipalities might be explained by the difficult task of combining instrumental and communicative planning approaches because the balance between them is seldom fixed.}, keywords = {HIAP,Healthy Public Policy,Governance,Collaborative Planning,Municipality,Norway}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3513.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3513_ea0c29af96e329e4be1845df6e6758e7.pdf} } @article { author = {Sriram, Veena and Hyder, Adnan A. and Bennett, Sara}, title = {The Making of a New Medical Specialty: A Policy Analysis of the Development of Emergency Medicine in India}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {993-1006}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.55}, abstract = {Background Medical specialization is an understudied, yet growing aspect of health systems in low- and middleincome countries (LMICs). In India, medical specialization is incrementally, yet significantly, modifying service delivery, workforce distribution, and financing. However, scarce evidence exists in India and other LMICs regarding how medical specialties evolve and are regulated, and how these processes might impact the health system. The trajectory of emergency medicine appears to encapsulate broader trends in medical specialization in India – international exchange and engagement, the formation of professional associations, and a lengthy regulatory process with the Medical Council of India. Using an analysis of political priority setting, our objective was to explore the emergence and recognition of emergency medicine as a medical specialty in India, from the early 1990s to 2015.   Methods We used a qualitative case study methodology, drawing on the Shiffman and Smith framework. We conducted 87 in-depth interviews, reviewing 122 documents, and observing six meetings and conferences. We used a modified version of the ‘Framework’ approach in our analysis.   Results Momentum around emergency medicine as a viable solution to weak systems of emergency care in India gained traction in the 1990s. Public and private sector stakeholders, often working through transnational professional medical associations, actively pursued recognition from Medical Council of India. Despite fragmentation within the network, stakeholders shared similar beliefs regarding the need for specialty recognition, and were ultimately achieved this objective. However, fragmentation in the network made coalescing around a broader policy agenda for emergency medicine challenging, eventually contributing to an uncertain long-term pathway. Finally, due to the complexities of the regulatory system, stakeholders promoted multiple forms of training programs, expanding the workforce of emergency physicians, but with limited coordination and standardization.   Conclusion The ideational centrality of postgraduate medical education, a challenging national governance system, and fragmentation within the transnational stakeholder network characterized the development of emergency medicine in India. As medical specialization continues to shape and influence health systems globally, research on the evolution of new medical specialties in LMICs can enhance our understanding of the connections between specialization, health systems, and equity.}, keywords = {India,Emergency Medicine,Agenda-Setting,Medical Specialization,Health Policy}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3515.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3515_8de14935204a90250f0e29c511e721f7.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseini Hooshyar, Samira and Karamouzian, Mohammad and Mirzazadeh, Ali and Haghdoost, Ali Akbar and Sharifi, Hamid and Shokoohi, Mostafa}, title = {Condom Use and its Associated Factors Among Iranian Youth: Results From a Population-Based Study}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1007-1014}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.65}, abstract = {Background Given the young structure of Iran’s population and the fact that extramarital sexual relationships are both prohibited by legislation and shunned by society and religion, examining condom use practices among Iranian youth is highly important. The aim of this study was to explore condom use and its correlates among Iranian young adults.   Methods In a sample of 3,045 individuals aged 19-29 who were recruited from a nation-wide study, we analyzed data from 633 participants who reported a history of extramarital sex. Subjects were asked about their condom use practices during their last penetrative sex. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire where the respondents completed the survey on their own and passed it to trained gender-matched interviewers. Multivariable regression models were constructed to report adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with 95% CI.   Results Of the 633 participants, 222 (35.1%) reported condom use at last sex. Men reported significantly higher condom use than women (38.5% vs. 25.7%). Having a stable job (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.43), higher knowledge of condom use (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.37) and sexual transmission of HIV (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.85) were positively associated with condom use at last sex. Conversely, experience of sex under the influence of substances (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.94) was significantly associated with reduced odds of condom use at last sex.   Conclusion This study shows that only one out of every three young adults reported using condoms at last sex. While educational programs are helpful, multi-sectoral approaches (eg, individual-, community-, and structural-level interventions) are required to change sexual behaviours towards safe sex practices and reinforce negotiating condom use among youth.}, keywords = {Condom,Sexual Behaviour,Educational Programs,Young Adult,Iran}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3519.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3519_ce9cfb400d1c759d661a6a22ddce62f3.pdf} } @article { author = {Aregbeshola, Bolaji Samson and Khan, Samina Mohsin}, title = {Predictors of Enrolment in the National Health Insurance Scheme Among Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1015-1023}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.68}, abstract = {Background Despite the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) since 2005 in Nigeria, the level of health insurance coverage remains low. The study aims to examine the predictors of enrolment in the NHIS among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.   Methods Secondary data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were utilized to examine factors influencing enrolment in the NHIS among women of reproductive age (n = 38 948) in Nigeria. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of women were determined using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 12 software.   Results We found that 97.9% of women were not covered by health insurance. Multivariate analysis indicated that factors such as age, education, geo-political zone, socio-economic status (SES), and employment status were significant predictors of enrolment in the NHIS among women of reproductive age.   Conclusion This study concludes that health insurance coverage among women of reproductive age in Nigeria is very low. Additionally, demographic and socio-economic factors were associated with enrolment in the NHIS among women. Therefore, policy-makers need to establish a tax-based health financing mechanism targeted at women who are young, uneducated, from poorest households, unemployed and working in the informal sector of the economy. Extending health insurance coverage to women from poor households and those who work in the informal sector through a tax-financed non-contributory health insurance scheme would accelerate progress towards universal health coverage (UHC).}, keywords = {National Health Insurance,Enrolment,Women,Universal Health Coverage,Nigeria}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3523.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3523_9f718b470b1b46fdf9a1ee30ba73a42c.pdf} } @article { author = {Cancedda, Corrado and Cotton, Philip and Shema, Joseph and Rulisa, Stephen and Riviello, Robert and Adams, Lisa V. and Farmer, Paul E. and Kagwiza, Jeanne N. and Kyamanywa, Patrick and Mukamana, Donatilla and Mumena, Chrispinus and Tumusiime, David K. and Mukashyaka, Lydie and Ndenga, Esperance and Twagirumugabe, Theogene and Mukara, Kaitesi B. and Dusabejambo, Vincent and Walker, Timothy D. and Nkusi, Emmy and Bazzett-Matabele, Lisa and Butera, Alex and Rugwizangoga, Belson and Kabayiza, Jean Claude and Kanyandekwe, Simon and Kalisa, Louise and Ntirenganya, Faustin and Dixson, Jeffrey and Rogo, Tanya and McCall, Natalie and Corden, Mark and Wong, Rex and Mukeshimana, Madeleine and Gatarayiha, Agnes and Ntagungira, Egide Kayonga and Yaman, Attila and Musabeyezu, Juliet and Sliney, Anne and Nuthulaganti, Tej and Kiernan, Meredith and Okwi, Peter and Rhatigan, Joseph and Barrow, Jane and Wilson, Kim and Levine, Adam C. and Reece, Rebecca and Koster, Michael and Moresky, Rachel T. and O’Flaherty, Jennifer E. and Palumbo, Paul E. and Ginwalla, Rashna and Binanay, Cynthia A. and Thielman, Nathan and Relf, Michael and Wright, Rodney and Hill, Mary and Chyun, Deborah and Klar, Robin T. and McCreary, Linda L. and Hughes, Tonda L. and Moen, Marik and Meeks, Valli and Barrows, Beth and Durieux, Marcel E. and McClain, Craig D. and Bunts, Amy and Calland, Forrest J. and Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany and Milner, Danny and Raviola, Giuseppe and Smith, Stacy E. and Tuteja, Meenu and Magriples, Urania and Rastegar, Asghar and Arnold, Linda and Magaziner, Ira and Binagwaho, Agnes}, title = {Health Professional Training and Capacity Strengthening Through International Academic Partnerships: The First Five Years of the Human Resources for Health Program in Rwanda}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1024-1039}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.61}, abstract = {BackgroundThe Rwanda Human Resources for Health Program (HRH Program) is a 7-year (2012-2019) health professional training initiative led by the Government of Rwanda with the goals of training a large, diverse, and competent health workforce and strengthening the capacity of academic institutions in Rwanda. MethodsThe data for this organizational case study was collected through official reports from the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MoH) and 22 participating US academic institutions, databases from the MoH and the College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS) in Rwanda, and surveys completed by the co-authors. ResultsIn the first 5 years of the HRH Program, a consortium of US academic institutions has deployed an average of 99 visiting faculty per year to support 22 training programs, which are on track to graduate almost 4600 students by 2019. The HRH Program has also built capacity within the CMHS by promoting the recruitment of Rwandan faculty and the establishment of additional partnerships and collaborations with the US academic institutions. ConclusionThe milestones achieved by the HRH Program have been substantial although some challenges persist. These challenges include adequately supporting the visiting faculty; pairing them with Rwandan faculty (twinning); ensuring strong communication and coordination among stakeholders; addressing mismatches in priorities between donors and implementers; the execution of a sustainability strategy; and the decision by one of the donors not to renew funding beyond March 2017. Over the next 2 academic years, it is critical for the sustainability of the 22 training programs supported by the HRH Program that the health-related Schools at the CMHS significantly scale up recruitment of new Rwandan faculty. The HRH Program can serve as a model for other training initiatives implemented in countries affected by a severe shortage of health professionals.}, keywords = {Health Professional Training,Human Resource for Health,Institutional Capacity,Strengthening,Academic Partnerships,Rwanda}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3524.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3524_b08db13b92d2d6b9fa79bfc301b98fd5.pdf} } @article { author = {Asamani, James Avoka and Chebere, Margaret M. and Barton, Pelham M. and D’Almeida, Selassi Amah and Odame, Emmanuel Ankrah and Oppong, Raymond}, title = {Forecast of Healthcare Facilities and Health Workforce Requirements for the Public Sector in Ghana, 2016–2026}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1040-1052}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.64}, abstract = {Background Ghana is implementing activities towards universal health coverage (UHC) as well as the attainment of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the health sector by the year 2030. Aside lack of empirical forecast of the required healthcare facilities to achieve these mandates, health workforce deficits are also a major threat. We therefore modelled the needed healthcare facilities in Ghana and translated it into year-by-year staffing requirements based on established staffing standards.   Methods Two levels of modelling were used. First, a predictive model based on Markov processes was used to estimate the future healthcare facilities needed in Ghana. Second, the projected healthcare facilities were translated into aggregate staffing requirements using staffing standards developed by Ghana’s Ministry of Health (MoH).   Results The forecast shows a need to expand the number/capacity of healthcare facilities in order to attain UHC. All things being equal, the requisite healthcare infrastructure for UHC would be attainable from 2023. The forecast also shows wide variations in staffing-need-availability rate, ranging from 15% to 94% (average being 68%) across the various staff types. Thus, there are serious shortages of staff which are worse amongst specialists.   Conclusion Ghana needs to expand and/or increase the number of healthcare facilities to facilitate the attainment of UHC. Also, only about 68% of the health workforce (HWF) requirements are employed and available for service delivery, leaving serious shortages of the essential health professionals. Immediate recruitment of unemployed but qualified health workers is therefore imperative. Also, addressing health worker productivity, equitable distribution of existing workers, and attrition may be the immediate steps to take whilst a long-term commitment to comprehensively address HWF challenges, including recruitments, expansion and streamlining of HWF training, is pursued.}, keywords = {Health Workforce Forecasting,Health Modelling,Health Resources for Health,Healthcare Facilities,Universal Health Coverage}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3525.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3525_159a0c6579d2360722f094153f068406.pdf} } @article { author = {Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa}, title = {Ownership in Name, But not Necessarily in Action; Comment on “It’s About the Idea Hitting the Bull’s Eye”: How Aid Effectiveness Can Catalyse the Scale-up of Health Innovations”}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1053-1055}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.72}, abstract = {A recently-published paper by Wickremasinghe et al assesses the scalability of pilot projects in three countries using the aid effectiveness agenda as an analytical framework. The authors report uneven progress and recommend applying aid effectiveness principles to improve the scalability of projects. This commentary focuses on one key principle of aid effectiveness – country ownership; it describes difficulties in defining and achieving it, and provides practical steps donors and recipient governments can take to move forward towards country ownership.}, keywords = {Scalability,Scale-up,Ownership,Aid Effectiveness}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3522.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3522_7dc2135840b70bb92f48bb6f8a766a6e.pdf} } @article { author = {Debas, Haile T.}, title = {Progress in Global Surgery; Comment on “Global Surgery – Informing National Strategies for Scaling Up Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa”}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1056-1057}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.69}, abstract = {Impressive progress has been made in global surgery in the past 10 years, and now serious and evidence-based national strategies are being developed for scaling-up surgical services in sub-Saharan Africa. Key to achieving this goal requires developing a realistic country-based estimate of burden of surgical disease, developing an accurate estimate of existing need, developing methods, rigorously planning and implementing the plan, and scaling-up essential surgical services at the national level.}, keywords = {Global Surgery,Universal Health Coverage,District Hospital}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3527.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3527_2f004bd7a29dd2bee82ce715e77f1c0e.pdf} } @article { author = {Katz, Micah G. and Price, Raymond R. and Nunez, Jade M.}, title = {Local Research Catalyzes National Surgical Planning; Comment on “Global Surgery – Informing National Strategies for Scaling Up Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa”}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1058-1060}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.78}, abstract = {In 2015 the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) argued that surgical care is important to national health systems along with the economic viability of countries. Gajewski and colleagues outlined how the Commission’s blueprint has been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, including two funded research projects that were integrated into national surgical plans. Here, we outline how the five processes proposed by Gajewski and colleagues are critical to integrate research, policy, and on-the-ground implementation. We also propose that, moving forward, the most pressing adjunct in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be a better characterization of rural surgical practices through rigorous research along with models that enable lessons to inform national policy.}, keywords = {Global Surgery,Africa,Systems Approach,National Surgical Plans}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3526.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3526_d24eeb50d980a96873c7e8d1b9daf962.pdf} } @article { author = {Bekken, Wenche}, title = {Public Health Coordinator – How to Promote Focus on Social Inequality at a Local Level, and How Should It Be Included in Public Health Policies?; Comment on “Health Promotion at Local Level in Norway: The Use of Public Health Coordinators and Health Overviews to Promote Fair Distribution Among Social Groups”}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1061-1063}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.74}, abstract = {The Norwegian Public Health Act of 2012 (PHA)1 states that the social causes of inequality in health have not been devoted sufficient attention in Norwegian health policy. Different means have been implemented to pay more attention to health inequalities at a local level, one is the use of a designated public health coordinator (PHC). Hagen et al2 reveals in a new study, however, that the presence of PHCs’ does not add to the priority of reducing inequality as a health objective. This negative association is, by the authors, explained by a widespread use of coordinators before the Act, and as such, not really a new measure. Another factor emphasized is that the PHC position is not empowered by bureaucratic backing. I agree with these explanations. However, the study by Hagen et al2 lacks a critical discussion of how the role of the PHC is situated in an administrative intersection between national health policy based on universal initiatives and social policy in the municipalities historically driven by a focus on poverty and specific target groups. This commentary reflects upon how social inequalities in health at a local level and the responsibilities imposed on the municipalities contest the principals of universalism. The tension between universalism and selectivity needs to be more prominent in the debate on how health inequalities should be abated at the local level, if universalism shall prevail as the overarching principle in Norwegian health policies. The commentary concludes by asking for a more nuanced discussion on how work with health related social problems can support universalistic initiatives. It is also suggested as a task for the PHC to make sure that public health initiatives are systematically evaluated. Documentation of effects will provide knowledge needed about how initiatives affects the social gradient over time.}, keywords = {Inequality in Health,Universalism,Targeting,Public Health Coordinator,Norway}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3532.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3532_85795d3dfdfec96622e03645573f14cb.pdf} } @article { author = {Henry, Jaymie A.}, title = {Global Surgery – Redirecting Strategies for a Global Research Agenda; Comment on “Global Surgery – Informing National Strategies for Scaling Up Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa”}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1064-1066}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.79}, abstract = {More than three years have passed since the publication of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery and its recommendations on scaling up surgery in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An important gap, the voice of the districts as well as lack of contextualized research, has been noted in its support of national surgical plans that run the risk of being at best, aspirational. Moreover, a ‘one-size-fits-all approach’ may not adequately address country-specific challenges on the ground. There is a need to redirect attention, effort, and funding in creating a global mechanism to gather baseline country information documenting every single district level government health facility’s ability and readiness to provide safe surgical, obstetric, trauma, and anesthesia care using the World Health Organization (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool to aid in directing country-specific efforts in surgical systems strengthening and ensuring that a basic package of essential surgical and anesthesia services is made available to each citizen with adequate financial protection by 2030. This global mechanism will enable benchmarking, accountability, and streamlining of the work of the global surgical community to achieve true progress in scaling up surgery not only in SSA, but for the rest of the developing world.}, keywords = {Global Surgery,Essential Surgery,Universal Health Coverage,WHO Surgical Resolution}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3530.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3530_5e63168acac3e259706c877f8e8fa6a8.pdf} } @article { author = {Calnan, Michael}, title = {Decisions of Value: Going Backstage; Comment on “Contextual Factors Influencing Cost and Quality Decisions in Health and Care: A Structured Evidence Review and Narrative Synthesis”}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1067-1069}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.81}, abstract = {This commentary expands on two of the key themes briefly raised in the paper involving analysis of the evidence about key contextual influences on decisions of value. The first theme focuses on the need to explore in more detail what is called backstage decision-making looking at how actual decisions are made drawing on evidence from ethnographies about decision-making. These studies point to less of an emphasis on instrumental and calculative forms of decision-making with more of an emphasis on more pragmatic rationality. The second related theme picks up on the issue of sources of information as a contextual influence particularly highlighting the salience of uncertainty or information deficits. It is argued that there are a range of different types of uncertainties, not only associated with information deficits, which are found particularly in allocative types of decisions of value. This means that the decision-making process although attempting to be linear and rational, tends to be characterised by a form of navigation where the decision-makers navigate their way through the uncertainties inherent and overtly manifested in the decision-making process.}, keywords = {Priority Setting,Decision-Making,Uncertainty,Pragmatis,English NHS}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3533.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3533_57389a9f9b91b937855267d77fd63cb6.pdf} } @article { author = {Karamouzian, Mohammad}, title = {Trump’s Zero-tolerance Policy: Would a Political Response to a Humanitarian Crisis Work?}, journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {1070-1072}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-5939}, eissn = {2322-5939}, doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.80}, abstract = {}, keywords = {Refugee Health,Immigration,Health Policy}, url = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3531.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3531_40871e863533678ec424a021ad61b4c1.pdf} }