ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Agency, Structure and the Power of Global Health Networks
Global health networks—webs of individuals and organizations linked by a shared concern for a particular condition—have proliferated over the past quarter century. In a recent editorial in this journal, I presented evidence that their effectiveness in addressing four challenges—problem definition, positioning, coalitionbuilding and governance—shapes their ability to influence policy. The editorial prompted five thoughtful commentaries that reflected on these and other challenges. In this follow-up editorial, I build on the commentaries to suggest ways of advancing research on global health networks. I argue that investigators would do well to consider three social theory-influenced global governance debates pertaining to agency—the capacity of individuals and organizations to act autonomously amidst structural constraints. The three debates concern the relationship between agency and structure, the power of ideas vis-à-vis interests and material capabilities, and the level of influence of non-state actors in a global governance system that most scholars identify as state-dominated. Drawing on these debates, I argue that rather than presume global health network influence, we need to find more robust ways to investigate their effects. I argue also that rather than juxtapose agency and structure, ideas and interests and non-state and state power, it would be more productive to consider the ways in which these elements are intertwined.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3520_6d8a364e4886e7641faf2b489e01761f.pdf
2018-10-01
879
884
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.71
Global Health Policy
Global Health Networks
Global Health Governance
Constructivism
Jeremy
Shiffman
jeremy.shiffman@jhu.edu
1
Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shiffman J. Four challenges that global health networks face. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(4):183-189. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.14
1
Dain K. Challenges facing global health networks: the NCD Alliance experience: Comment on "Four challenges that global health networks face." Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;7(3):282-285. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.93
2
Marten R, Smith RD. State support: a prerequisite for global health network effectiveness: Comment on "Four challenges that global health networks face." Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;7(3):275-277. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.86
3
Quissell K. Additional insights into problem definition and positioning from social science: Comment on "Four challenges that global health networks face." Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;7(4):362-364. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.108
4
Tosun J. Polycentrism in global health governance scholarship: Comment on "Four challenges that global health networks face." Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;7(1):78-80. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.64
5
White J. The Magic pudding: Comment on "Four challenges that global health networks face." Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;7(2):192-194. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.76
6
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Sikkink K. “Beyond the Justice Cascade: How Agentic Constructivism could help explain change in international politics.” Keynote address at Millennium Annual Conference, October 22, 2011, “Out of the Ivory Tower: Weaving the Theories and Practice of International Relations,” London, United Kingdom. https://www.princeton.edu/politics/about/file-repository/public/Agentic-Constructivism-paper-sent-to-the-Princeton-IR-Colloquium.pdf.
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Giddens A. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley, CA and Los Angeles, CA, USA: University of California Press; 1984
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Schmitz HP. The global health network on alcohol control: successes and limits of evidence-based advocacy. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31 Suppl 1:i87-97. doi:10.1093/heapol/czu064
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Gneiting U. From global agenda-setting to domestic implementation: successes and challenges of the global health network on tobacco control. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31 Suppl 1:i74-86. doi:10.1093/heapol/czv001
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Quissell K, Walt G. The challenge of sustaining effectiveness over time: the case of the global network to stop tuberculosis. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31 Suppl 1:i17-32. doi:10.1093/heapol/czv035
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Shiffman J, Schmitz HP, Berlan D, et al. The emergence and effectiveness of global health networks: findings and future research. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31 Suppl 1:i110-123. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw012
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Shiffman J, Quissell K, Schmitz HP, et al. A framework on the emergence and effectiveness of global health networks. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31 Suppl 1:i3-16. doi:10.1093/heapol/czu046
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Challenges and Prospects for Integrating the Assessment of Health Impacts in the Licensing Process of Large Capital Project in Brazil
Brazil was one of the first countries in Latin America to institutionalize a National Environmental Policy in 1981, including the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process of economic activities with anticipated impacts on the environment. Today, EIA practice in Brazil comes with a number of limitations: it is constrained by its environmental advocacy role; application is strongly oriented towards large capital projects; and social responsibility considerations are only partially included. Consequently, EIA studies mainly address issues connected to localised and direct environmental impacts, largely ignoring any socio-economic and health impacts. This perspective paper highlights limitations of current EIA practice in Brazil with a focus on health considerations in impact assessment. While recognizing the positive impact to municipalities where large capital projects are being developed and operated, adverse impacts on health are a reality with measurable evidence in Brazil. Therefore, we argue that specificities on how to systematically assess and monitor potential health impacts cannot remain invisible in the Brazilian legislation, as currently seen in the reformulation of the licensing process in the country. The process of better integrating the assessment of health impacts in the licensing process of large capital project in Brazil must, however, not be based on the imposition of an external model but should be promoted by internal stakeholders from the environmental and health sector, incorporating the experiences gained in various case studies from all over the country
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3511_279e9e633f7c9616d124e2be0f7d0618.pdf
2018-10-01
885
888
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.58
Health Impact Assessment
Health Policy
Large Capital Projects
Brazil
Sandra
de Souza Hacon
sandrahacon@gmail.com
1
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (Ensp), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
AUTHOR
André Reynaldo Santos
Périssé
aperisse41@gmail.com
2
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (Ensp), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
AUTHOR
Jean
Simos
jean.simos@unige.ch
3
Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
AUTHOR
Nicola Luca
Cantoreggi
nicola.cantoreggi@unige.ch
4
Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
AUTHOR
Mirko Severin
Winkler
mirko.winkler@unibas.ch
5
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
LEAD_AUTHOR
da Cruz AIG, Ambrozio AMH, Puga FP, de Sousa FL, Nascimento MM. A economia brasileira: conquistas dos últimos 10 anos e perspectivas para o futuro. Brasilia: Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior; 2015.
1
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2
Winkler MS, Krieger GR, Divall MJ, Singer BH, Utzinger J. Health impact assessment of industrial development projects: a spatio-temporal visualization. Geospat Health. 2012;6(2):299-301. doi:10.4081/gh.2012.148
3
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5
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Sanchez LE. Development of Environmental Impact Assessment in Brazil. UVP-Report. 2013;27:193-200.
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Bainton N, Vivoda V, Kemp D, Owen J, Keenan J. Project-Induced In-Migration and Large-Scale Mining: A Scoping Study. Brisbane: University of Queensland, Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining (CSRM); 2017.
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Anushrita, Nagpal BN, Kapoor N, et al. Health impact assessment of indira sagar project: a paramount to studies on water development projects. Malar J. 2017;16(1):47. doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1688-0
11
Knoblauch AM, Divall MJ, Owuor M, et al. Experience and lessons from health impact assessment guiding prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in a copper mine project, northwestern Zambia. Infect Dis Poverty. 2017;6(1):114. doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0320-4
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Winkler MS, Divall MJ, Krieger GR, et al. Assessing health impacts in complex eco-epidemiological settings in the humid tropics: Modular baseline health surveys. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2012;33(1):15-22. doi:10.1016/J.EIAR.2011.10.003
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Barbosa EM, Barata MM, Hacon Sde S. Health and environmental licensing: a methodological proposal for assessment of the impact of the oil and gas industry (Portuguese). Cien Saude Colet. 2012;17(2):299-310.
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WHO. Health impact assessment: promoting health across all sectors of activity. WHO 2017; http://www.who.int/hia/en/. Accessed February 24, 2018.
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Linzalone N, Assennato G, Ballarini A, et al. Health Impact Assessment practice and potential for integration within Environmental Impact and Strategic Environmental Assessments in Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(12):12683-12699. doi:10.3390/ijerph111212683
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Steinemann A. Rethinking human health impact assessment. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2000;20(6):627-645. doi:10.1016/S0195-9255(00)00068-8
17
Winkler MS, Krieger GR, Divall MJ, et al. Untapped potential of health impact assessment. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(4):298-305. doi:10.2471/blt.12.112318
18
Padilha JBD, Schneider M. Avaliação de impacto à saúde (AIS): metodologia adaptada para aplicação no Brasil. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2014.
19
Porto MFS. A tragédia da mineração e do desenvolvimento no Brasil: desafios para a saúde coletiva (The tragedy of mining and development in Brazil: public health challenges). Cad Saude Publica. 2016;32(2):e00211015. doi:10.1590/0102-311X00211015
20
Pereira CAR, Perisse ARS, Knoblauch AM, Utzinger J, Hacon SdS, Winkler MS. Health impact assessment in Latin American countries: Current practice and prospects. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2017;65:175-185. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2016.09.005
21
Silveira M, Fenner ALD. Health Impact Assessment (HIA): analyses and challenges to Brazilian Health Surveillance. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2017;22(10):3205-3214. doi:10.1590/1413-812320172210.18272017
22
Abe KC, Miraglia SGEK. Avaliação de Impacto à Saúde (AIS) no Brasil e América Latina: uma ferramenta essencial a projetos, planos e políticas (Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in Brazil and Latin America: an essential tool for projects, plans and policies). Interface. 2018;22(65):349-358. doi:10.1590/1807-57622016.0802
23
Simos J. Environnement et santé en période de crise : l’exemple grec. Actualité et Dossier en Santé Publique. 2017;99:40-41.
24
Simos J, Arrizabalaga P. Utiliser les synergies entre évaluation environnementale stratégique (EES) et évaluation d’impact sur la santé (EIS) pour promouvoir la prise en compte de l’environnement et de la santé dans les processus décisionnels publics. Sozial- und Präaventivmedizin SPM. 2006;51(3):133-136. doi:10.1007/s00038-006-0030-3
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Fonseca A, Sanchez LE, Ribeiro JCJ. Reforming EIA systems: A critical review of proposals in Brazil. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2017;62:90-97. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2016.10.002
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review
Background Patient, public, consumer, and community (P2C2) engagement in organization-, community-, and systemlevel healthcare decision-making is increasing globally, but its formal evaluation remains challenging. To define a taxonomy of possible P2C2 engagement metrics and compare existing evaluation tools against this taxonomy, we conducted a systematic review. Methods A broad search strategy was developed for English language publications available from January 1962 through April 2015 in PubMed, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO, EconLit, and the gray literature. A publication was excluded if: (1) the setting was not healthcare delivery (ie, we excluded non-health sectors, such as urban planning; research settings; and public health settings not involving clinical care delivery); (2) the P2C2 engagement was episodic; or (3) the concept of evaluation or possible evaluation metrics were absent. To be included as an evaluation tool, publications had to contain an evaluative instrument that could be employed with minimal modification by a healthcare organization. Results A total of 199 out of 3953 publications met exclusion and inclusion criteria. These were qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis to create a comprehensive taxonomy of 116 possible metrics for evaluating P2C2 engagement. 44 outcome metrics were grouped into three domains (internal, external, and aggregate outcomes) that included six subdomains: impact on engagement participants, impact on services provided by the healthcare organization, impact on the organization itself, influence on the broader public, influence on population health, and engagement cost-effectiveness. The 72 process metrics formed four domains (direct process metrics; surrogate process metrics; aggregate process metrics; and preconditions for engagement) that comprised sixteen subdomains. We identified 23 potential tools for evaluating P2C2 engagement. The identified tools were published between 1973-2015 and varied in their coverage of the taxonomy, methodology used (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed), and intended evaluators (organizational leaders, P2C2 participants, external evaluators, or some combination). Parts of the metric taxonomy were absent from all tools. Conclusions By comprehensively mapping potential outcome and process metrics as well as existing P2C2 engagement tools, this review supports high-quality P2C2 engagement globally by informing the selection of existing evaluation tools and identifying gaps where new tools are needed. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42015020317
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3499_1967130d0349e7ae5eae493fe3321750.pdf
2018-10-01
889
903
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.43
Patient Engagement
Patient Participation
Health Systems
Health Planning
Organizational Decision-Making
Vadim
Dukhanin
vdukhan1@jhu.edu
1
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
AUTHOR
Rachel
Topazian
rtopazian@nationaljournal.com
2
National Journal, Washington, DC, USA
AUTHOR
Matthew
DeCamp
mdecamp1@jhmi.edu
3
Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Declaration of Alma-Ata. WHO Chron. 1978;32(11):428-430.
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Carman KL, Dardess P, Maurer M, et al. Patient and family engagement: A framework for understanding the elements and developing interventions and policies. Health Aff. 2013;32(2):223-231. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1133
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Abelson J, PPEET Research-Practice Collaborative. The Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool. https://fhs.mcmaster.ca/publicandpatientengagement/ppeet.html. Accessed September 5, 2015.
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62
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Economic Burden of Stroke Based on South Korea’s National Health Insurance Claims Database
Background This study was conducted to determine the scale and the nature of the economic burden caused by strokes and to use the results as an evidential source for determining the allocation of South Korea stroke cases in 2015. Methods For research subjects, the study analyzed demographic characteristics and economic burden based on data from national health insurance (NHI) claims for inpatient and outpatient cases of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in 2015 through the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and statistical data regarding cause of death from the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO). This study, in order to estimate economic burden due to stroke, deduced the direct and indirect costs of illness caused by stroke, using cost-of-illness (COI) methods. The economic burden is divided into direct and indirect costs, and indirect cost is estimated by summing lost productivity measured in opportunity cost lost by medical disposition due to a specific disease and lost productivity due to premature death. Results The total economic burden in Korea due to stroke was US$6.855 billion, that due to ischemic stroke was US$3.658 billion, and that due to hemorrhagic stroke was US$3.197 billion. The average economic burden per stroke case was about US$7247. Conclusion The results of estimating the annual economic burden in all of Korea due to stroke will be used as an evidential source for preparing medical insurance policies, priorities, and plans for arranging medical resources for stroke as well as for determining effective prevention of the disease and related priorities in national health care policies.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3497_4761e0747f071bb320238e88f0c8b691.pdf
2018-10-01
904
909
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.42
Cost of Illness
National Health Insurance
Economic Burden
South Korea
Stroke
Yu-Jin
Cha
occujin@naver.com
1
Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lim SJ, Kim HJ, Nam CM, et al. [Socioeconomic costs of stroke in Korea: estimated from the Korea national health insurance claims database]. J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(4):251-260. doi:10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.4.251
1
Skilbeck CE, Wade DT, Hewer RL, Wood VA. Recovery after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1983;46(1):5-8.
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Anderson CS, Linto J, Stewart-Wynne EG. A population-based assessment of the impact and burden of caregiving for long-term stroke survivors. Stroke. 1995;26(5):843-849.
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Brown ML, Lipscomb J, Snyder C. The burden of illness of cancer: economic cost and quality of life. Annu Rev Public Health. 2001;22:91-113. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.91
4
Joo H, George MG, Fang J, Wang G. A literature review of indirect costs associated with stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;23(7):1753-1763. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.02.017
5
Fattore G, Torbica A, Susi A, et al. The social and economic burden of stroke survivors in Italy: a prospective, incidence-based, multi-centre cost of illness study. BMC Neurol. 2012;12:137. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-12-137
6
Jin HJ, Cho SM. Estimation of socio-economic costs of illness due to blood concentration of heavy metals in Koreans among the public. Health Social Welfare Review. 2016;36(4):508-536. doi:10.15709/hswr.2016.36.4.508
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Kim J, Lee E, Lee T, Sohn A. Economic burden of acute coronary syndrome in South Korea: a national survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2013;13:55. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-13-55
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Turpie AG. Burden of disease: medical and economic impact of acute coronary syndromes. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12(16 Suppl):S430-434.
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Kim HJ. The economic burden of stroke and continuity of care, medical costs & health outcomes of hypertension. Seoul: Public Health, Korea University; 2013.
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Jung YH, Ko SJ. Estimating socioeconomic cost of five major diseases. Korean J Public Finance 2004;18(2):77–104.
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Kim NK, Lee DH, Jo GW, Seo ES. A study about the Life Expectancy, Quality of Life and QALYs of Stroke patients. Korean journal of oriental preventive medical society. 2012;16(3):15-26.
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Kang HJ. Current state and challenges of National Health Insurance. Health Welf Policy Forum. 2016;231(1):15-30.
15
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Kim EJ. A study on the utilization of health care resources and costs during the first year after a stroke. Seoul: Health Policy and Management, Korea University; 2004.
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Kang EJ, J KD, Sun WD, Yoon SS. Development of health care system for the elderly with medical expenditure analysis: Focusing on the reasonable medical care utilization of the stroke elderly. Sejong: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs; 2006.
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Chang KC, Tseng MC. Costs of acute care of first-ever ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Stroke. 2003;34(11):e219-221. doi:10.1161/01.str.0000095565.12945.18
20
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21
Zhai S, Gardiner F, Neeman T, Jones B, Gawarikar Y. The Cost-Effectiveness of a Stroke Unit in Providing Enhanced Patient Outcomes in an Australian Teaching Hospital. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(10):2362-2368. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.025
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Langhorne P, Holmqvist LW. Early supported discharge after stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2007;39(2):103-108. doi:10.2340/16501977-0042
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Mas MA, Inzitari M. A critical review of Early Supported Discharge for stroke patients: from evidence to implementation into practice. Int J Stroke. 2015;10(1):7-12. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00950.x
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Dewey HM, Thrift AG, Mihalopoulos C, et al. Cost of stroke in Australia from a societal perspective: results from the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Stroke. 2001;32(10):2409-2416.
25
Lee J, Lee JS, Park SH, Shin SA, Kim K. Cohort Profile: The National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC), South Korea. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(2):e15. doi:10.1093/ije/dyv319
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Contracting Out Non-State Providers to Provide Primary Healthcare Services in Tanzania: Perceptions of Stakeholders
Background In the attempt to move towards universal health coverage (UHC), many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are actively seeking to contract-out non-state providers (NSPs) to deliver health services to a specified population. Research on contracting-out has focused more on the impact of contracting-out than on the actual processes underlying the intervention and contextual factors that influence its performance. This paper reports on perceptions of stakeholders on contracting-out faith-based hospitals through service agreements (SAs) to provide primary healthcare services in Tanzania. Methods We adopted a qualitative descriptive case study design. Qualitative research tools included document review and in-depth interviews with key informants, and data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Stakeholders reported mixed perceptions on the SA. The government considered the SA as an important mechanism for improving access to primary healthcare services where there were no public hospitals. The faith-based hospitals viewed the SA as a means of overcoming serious budget and human resource constraints as a result of the tightening funding environment. However, constant delays in disbursement of funds, mistrust among partners, and ineffective contract enforcement mechanisms resulted into negative perceptions of the SA. Conclusion SAs between local governments and faith-based hospitals were perceived to be important by both parties. However, in order to implement SAs effectively, the districts should diversify the sources of financing the contracts. In addition, the government and the faith-based organizations should continually engage in dialogue so as to build more trust between the partners involved in the SA. Furthermore, the central government needs to play a greater role in building the capacity of district and regional level actors in monitoring the implementation of the SA.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3501_b5cf9c4505831e0b099489eaeedd38c7.pdf
2018-10-01
910
918
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.46
Contracting Out
Non-State Providers
Primary Healthcare
Tanzania
Stephen
Maluka
stephenmaluka@yahoo.co.uk
1
Institute of Development Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
LEAD_AUTHOR
WHO. The world health report 2013: research for universal health coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
1
Moran D. Comparing services: a survey of leading issues in the sectoral literatures. Public Adm Dev. 2006;26(3):197-206.
2
Palmer N, Strong L, Wali A, Sondorp E. Contracting out health services in fragile states. BMJ. 2006;332(7543):718-721. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7543.718
3
Palmer N. The use of private-sector contracts for primary health care: theory, evidence and lessons for low-income and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(6):821-829.
4
Berman PA. Rethinking health care systems: Private health care provision in India. World Dev. 1998;26(8):1463-1479. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00059-X
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Yoong J, Burger N, Spreng C, Sood N. Private sector participation and health system performance in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One. 2010;5(10):e13243. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013243
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Oxfam International. Blind Optimism: Challenging the myths about private health care in poor countries. Oxfam Briefing Paper. Oxford: Oxfam International; 2009:25.
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Mills A, Brugha R, Hanson K, McPake B. What can be done about the private health sector in low-income countries? Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80(4):325-330.
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11. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Health Sector Strategic Plan III July 2009 – June 2015:“Partnership for Delivering the MDGs”. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare;2009.
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Boulenger D, Criel B. The difficult relationship between faith-based health care Organizations and the public sector in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of contracting experiences in Cameroon, Tanzania, Chad and Uganda. In: Kegels G, De Brouwere, Criel B, eds. Studies in Health Services Organization & Policy. Antwerp: ITGPress; 2012.
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Kisanga OME. Tanzania Takes a new look into PPP: The recently developed Public Private Partnership Policy and the PPP Act will encourage Partnerships healthcare investments. Africa Health Tanzania; 2012.
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Mills A. To contract or not to contract? Issues for low and middle income countries. Health Policy Plan. 1998;13(1):32-40.
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England R. Contracting and performance management in the health sector: Some pointers on how to do it. London: DFID Health Systems Resource Centre; 2000.
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Loevinsohn B, Harding A. Buying results? Contracting for health service delivery in developing countries. Lancet. 2005;366(9486):676-681. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67140-1
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Liu X, Hotchkiss DR, Bose S. The impact of contracting-out on health system performance: a conceptual framework. Health Policy. 2007;82(2):200-211. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.09.012
17
Liu X, Hotchkiss DR, Bose S. The effectiveness of contracting-out primary health care services in developing countries: a review of the evidence. Health Policy Plan. 2008;23(1):1-13. doi:10.1093/heapol/czm042
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Tibandebage P, Mackintosh M, Kida T. The Public-Private interface in public service reforms: Analysis and Illustrative evidence from the health sector. Draft Paper: REPOA; 2012.
19
Itika J, Mashindano O, Kessy F. Success and constraints for improving public private partnership in health service delivery in Tanzania. ESRF Discussion Paper; 2011:3.
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Yin RK. Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Applied Social Research Methods). SAGE Publications Inc; 2009:5.
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Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
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Grepin KA. The role of the private sector in delivering maternal and child health services in low-income and middle-income countries: an observational, longitudinal analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(suppl 1):S7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61870-5
24
Shaikh BT, Rabbani F, Safi N, Dawar Z. Contracting of primary health care services in Pakistan: is up-scaling a pragmatic thinking? J Pak Med Assoc. 2010;60(5):387-389.
25
Tanzania National Audit Office. Performance audit report on management of hospital agreements between the government and private hospitals. Dar es Salaam: National Audit Office; 2017.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stakeholder’s Assessment of the Awareness and Effectiveness of Smoke-free Law in Thailand
BackgroundThis study reports stakeholders’ ratings, and perceived gaps in World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 8 implementation in Thailand viewed against WHO’s Guidelines for Article 8 and to inform action in preparing the 2017 Tobacco Product Control Act. MethodsStakeholder ratings of Guideline provisions of Article 8 on a three-tiered scale of implementation from understanding to effectiveness and efficiency were used to identify gaps in enforcement and compliance important to success in meeting Article 8 goals. This stakeholder assessment occurred through a stakeholder meeting of 55 stakeholders in Bangkok, Thailand in June 2016. ResultsThe average of all assessment ratings by stakeholders on an ascending 0-3 scale had a mean score of 1.67, which means the level of implementation for Article 8 in Thailand was rated less than effective for enforcement. The assessment shows that the public understanding of smoke-free principles is also poor at a mean of 1.28, that there is incomplete effectiveness of smoke-free measures with a mean of 1.75, and only a general effectiveness that smoke-free protections are adequately covering most places with a mean of 1.98. More needs to be done to make all places compliant through enforcement efforts rated with a mean of only 1, and that more is necessary for protection from tobacco-smoke exposure in other public places and in private vehicles with mean ratings of 1.71 and 1.14. ConclusionThis stakeholder approach using a three-tiered rating scale found that the implementation of Article 8 in Thailand is still lacking. With this approach, stakeholders identified critical issues needing improvement and informed changes in the then-proposed Tobacco Product Control Act which later was adopted in 2017.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3503_39658ba6e88225eea3ed0301e2c88a57.pdf
2018-10-01
919
922
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.47
WHO
FCTC
Article 8
Stakeholders
Thailand
Nipapun
Kungskulniti
nipapun123@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
AUTHOR
Siriwan
Pitayarangsarit
pitayarangsarit@gmail.com
2
Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
LEAD_AUTHOR
Stephen
Hamann
slhamann@gmail.com
3
Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
AUTHOR
Nikogosian H, Kickbusch I. The Legal strength of international health instruments - What it brings to global health governance? Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(12):683-685. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.122
1
Puska P. WHO FCTC as a pioneering and learning instrument; Comment on “The legal strength of international health instruments - What it brings to global health governance?” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;7(1):75-77. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.63
2
World Health Organization. Guidelines for implementation Article 5.3, Article 8, Article 9 and 10, Article 11, Article 12, Article 13, Article 14. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; 2013.
3
World Health Organization. 2014 Global Progress Report on Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; 2014.
4
Ministry of Public Health. Tobacco Product Control Act B.E.2535 (1992) and Non-Smokers’ Health Protection Act B.E.2535 (1992). Printed as a supplement for Conference of Parties II (COP II). Group of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption Control, Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand: Ministry of Public Health; 2007.
5
World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2017: Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. Geneva: Switzerland: 2017.
6
The International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Final End of Project Completion Report: Towards 100% Smoke-Free Environment, Thailand. http://btc.ddc.moph.go.th/th/upload/datacenter/data7.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2017. Published 2012.
7
Hamann SL, Mock J, Hense S, Charoenca N, Kungskulniti N. Building tobacco control research in Thailand: meeting the need for innovative change in Asia. Health Res Policy Syst. 2012;10:3. doi:10.1186/1478-4505-10-3
8
Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance. Smoke-free Index: Implementation of Article 8 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Bangkok, Thailand: SEATCA; 2016.
9
Cairney P, Mamudu HM. The WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC): What would have to change to ensure effective policy implementation? Published September 18, 2013.
10
Royal Thai Government. Tobacco Products Control Act, B.E. 2560. Book 134, Section 39. Bangkok: The Government Gazette; 2017.
11
Schur CL, Berk ML, Silver LE, Yegian JM, O’Grady MJ. Connecting the ivory tower to main street: setting research priorities for real-world impact. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(5):w886-899. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.w886
12
World Health Organization. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS): Thailand Country Report. Regional Office for South-East Asia: World Health Organization; 2009.
13
Yong HH, Foong K, Borland R, et al. Support for and reported compliance among smokers with smoke-free policies in air-conditioned hospitality venues in Malaysia and Thailand: findings from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2010;22(1):98-109. doi:10.1177/1010539509351303
14
Lapvongwatana P, Kungskulniti N, Charoenca N, Avila-Tang E, Wipfli H, Hamann SL. A Cross-sectional Study of Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Non-smoking Women and Children in Thai Households. Environ Nat Resour J. 2016;14(1):51-57. doi:10.14456/ennrj.2016.7
15
Wikipedia. Smoking bans in private vehicles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_bans_in_private_vehicles. Accessed January 26, 2018. Last modified January 21, 2018.
16
O’Haire C, McPheeters M, Nakamoto E, et al. Engaging stakeholders to identify and prioritize future research needs. Rockville, Maryland: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011.
17
World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009.
18
Kaufman P, Zhang B, Bondy SJ, Klepeis N, Ferrence R. Not just ‘a few wisps’: real-time measurement of tobacco smoke at entrances to office buildings. Tob Control. 2011;20(3):212-218. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.041277
19
Hwang J, Lee K. Determination of outdoor tobacco smoke exposure by distance from a smoking source. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(4):478-484. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt178
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Partnership Model for Improving Service Delivery in Remote Papua New Guinea: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Background The Community Mine Continuation Agreement Middle (CMCA) and South Fly Health Program (the Health Program) is a partnership for improving health service delivery in remote Papua New Guinea (PNG). The Health Program is delivered by a private contractor working in partnership with existing health service providers to improve service delivery using existing government systems, where possible, and aligns with national policies, plans and strategies. A midline evaluation was conducted to determine changes in health service delivery since commencement of the Health Program. Methods A mixed methods evaluation was undertaken mid-way through implementation of the Health Program, including a pre/post analysis of health service delivery indicators, semi-structured interviews with health workers and assessment of health facility equipment and infrastructure. Results Improvements in many of the long-term expected outcomes of the Health Program were observed when compared to the pre-program period. The number of outpatient visits per person per year and number of outreach clinics per 1000 children under 5 years increased by 15% and 189% respectively (P < .001). Increases in vaccination coverage for infants aged P < .001) and 75% for 1st dose Sabin (P < .001), 30% for 3rd dose pentavalent (P < .001) and 26% for measles vaccination (P < .001). Family planning coverage remained at similar levels (increasing 5%, P = .095) and antenatal care coverage increased by 26% (P < .001). Supervised deliveries coverage declined by 32% (P < .001), a continuation of the pre-Program trend. The proportion of facilities with standard equipment items, transport and lighting increased. Health worker training, in particular obstetric training, was most commonly cited by health workers as leading to improved services. Conclusion Following implementation, substantial improvements in health service delivery indicators were observed in the Health Program area as compared with pre-program period and the stagnating or declining national performance. This model could be considered for similar contexts where existing health service providers require external assistance to provide basic health services to the community.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3505_f460c4c948cbb7fb8d512e2a2c9f3501.pdf
2018-10-01
923
933
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.50
Partnership
Service Delivery
Monitoring and Evaluation
Papua New Guinea
Emma
Field
emma.field@menzies.edu.au
1
Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dominica
Abo
abo_dominica_bessie@hotmail.com
2
Abt Associates, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
AUTHOR
Louis
Samiak
slsamiak@gmail.com
3
University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
AUTHOR
Mafu
Vila
mafu.vila@cmsfhp.org
4
Abt Associates, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
AUTHOR
Georgina
Dove
georgina.dove@abtassoc.com.au
5
Abt Associates, Brisbane, Australia
AUTHOR
Alex
Rosewell
a.rosewell@unsw.edu.au
6
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
AUTHOR
Sally
Nathan
s.nathan@unsw.edu.au
7
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
AUTHOR
Thomason J, Kase P, Ndugwa N. Working together to get back to basics--finding health system solutions. P N G Med J. 2009;52(3-4):114-129.
1
Thomason J, Rodney A. Public-private partnerships for health--what does the evidence say? P N G Med J. 2009;52(3-4):166-178.
2
International Council on Mining & Metals. Community health programs in the mining and metals industry. https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/publications/mining-partnerships-for-development/community-health-programs-in-the-mining-and-metals-industry. Accessed October 20, 2017. Published 2013.
3
Barr DA. Ethics in public health research: a research protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of public-private partnerships as a means to improve health and welfare systems worldwide. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(1):19-25. doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.075614
4
Whyle EB, Olivier J. Models of public-private engagement for health services delivery and financing in Southern Africa: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(10):1515-1529. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw075
5
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Conditional Cash Transfers for Maternal Health Interventions: Factors Influencing Uptake in North-Central Nigeria
Background Nigeria accounts for a significant proportion of global maternal mortality figures with little progress made in curbing poor health indices. In a bid to reverse this trend, the Government of Nigeria initiated a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme to encourage pregnant women utilize services at designated health facilities. This study aims to understand experiences of women who register for CCT services and explore reasons behind non-uptake of those women who do not register. Methods We conducted this study in a rural community in North Central Nigeria. Having identified programme beneficiaries by randomly sampling contact details obtained from the programme database, using snowball sampling method we sourced non-beneficiaries list based on recommendations from beneficiaries and other community members. Thereafter we undertook semi-structured interviews on both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries and analysed data obtained thematically. Results Our findings revealed that, while beneficiaries of the programme were influenced by the cash transfers, cash may not be sufficient incentive for uptake by non-beneficiaries of CCT in Nigeria. Factors such as community and spousal influence, availability of free drugs, proximity to health facility are critical factors that affect uptake in our study context. On the other hand, poor programme administration, mistrust for government initiatives as well as poor quality of services could significantly constrain service utilization despite cash transfers. Conclusion Considering that a number of barriers to uptake of the CCT programme are similar to barriers to maternal health services, it is essential that maternal health services are available, accessible and of acceptable quality to target recipients for CCT programmes to reach their full implementation potential.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3508_5c63dfe53c68a815f34d2137084f535d.pdf
2018-10-01
934
942
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.56
Conditional Cash Transfer
Health Financing
Maternal Health
Nigeria
Fatima
Baba-Ari
feena207@gmail.com
1
Department of Primary Healthcare Systems Development, National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Ejemai Amaize
Eboreime
ejemaim@live.com
2
Department of Planning, Research and Statistics, National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mazeda
Hossain
mazeda.hossain@lshtm.ac.uk
3
Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
AUTHOR
Chen C, Jeruss S, Chapman JS, et al. Long-term functional impact of congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair on children. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42(4):657-665. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.12.013
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Community Health Worker Programs to Improve Healthcare Access and Equity: Are They Only Relevant to Low- and Middle-Income Countries?
BackgroundCommunity Health Workers (CHWs) are proven to be highly effective in low- and middle-income countries with many examples of successful large-scale programs. There is growing interest in deploying CHW programs in high-income countries to address inequity in healthcare access and outcomes amongst population groups facing disadvantage. This study is the first that examines the scope and potential value of CHW programs in Australia and the challenges involved in integrating CHWs into the health system. The potential for CHWs to improve health equity is explored. MethodsAcademic and grey literature was searched to examine existing CHW roles in the Australian primary healthcare system. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 11 people including policymakers, program managers and practitioners, to develop an understanding of policy and practice. ResultsLiterature on CHWs in Australia is sparse, yet combined with interview data indicates CHWs conduct a broad range of roles, including education, advocacy and basic clinical services, and work with a variety of communities experiencing disadvantage. Many, and to some extent inconsistent, terms are used for CHWs, reflecting the various strategies employed by CHWs, the characteristics of the communities they serve, and the health issues they address. The role of aboriginal health workers (AHWs) is comparatively well recognised, understood and documented in Australia with evidence on their contribution to overcoming cultural barriers and improving access to health services. Ethnic health workers assist with language barriers and increase the cultural appropriateness of services. CHWs are widely seen to be well accepted and valuable, facilitating access to health services as a trusted ‘bridge’ to communities. They work best where ‘health’ is conceived to include action on social determinants and service models are less hierarchical. Short term funding models and the lack of professional qualifications and recognition are challenges CHWs encounter. ConclusionCHWs serve a range of functions in various contexts in Australian primary healthcare (PHC) with a common, valued purpose of facilitating access to services and information for marginalised communities. CHWs offer a promising opportunity to enhance equity of access to PHC for communities facing disadvantage, especially in the face of rising chronic disease.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3512_041b099498ff46b3655a45303711f323.pdf
2018-10-01
943
954
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.53
Community Health Workers
Primary Healthcare
Health Equity
Healthcare Access
High-Income Countries
Sara
Javanparast
sara.javanparast@flinders.edu.au
1
Southgate Institute for Health Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alice
Windle
alice.windle@flinders.edu.au
2
Southgate Institute for Health Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
AUTHOR
Toby
Freeman
toby.freeman@adelaide.edu.au
3
Southgate Institute for Health Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
AUTHOR
Fran
Baum
fran.baum@adelaide.edu.au
4
Southgate Institute for Health Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
AUTHOR
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41
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Thompson SC, Shahid S, Greville HS, Bessarab D. “A whispered sort of stuff”: a community report on research around Aboriginal people’s beliefs about cancer and experiences of cancer care in Western Australia. Perth: Cancer Council Western Australia; 2011.
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King M, King L, Willis E, Munt R, Semmens F. Issues that impact on Aboriginal health workers’ and registered nurses’ provision of diabetes health care in rural and remote health settings. Aust J Rural Health. 2013;21(6):306-312. doi:10.1111/ajr.12062
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King M, King L, Willis E, Munt R, Semmens F. The experiences of remote and rural Aboriginal Health Workers and registered nurses who undertook a postgraduate diabetes course to improve the health of Indigenous Australians. Contemp Nurse. 2012;42(1):107-117. doi:10.5172/conu.2012.42.1.107
48
Browne J, D’Amico E, Thorpe S, Mitchell C. Feltman: evaluating the acceptability of a diabetes education tool for Aboriginal health workers. Aust J Prim Health. 2014;20(4):319-322. doi:10.1071/py14040
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Si D, Bailie RS, Togni SJ, d’Abbs PH, Robinson GW. Aboriginal health workers and diabetes care in remote community health centres: a mixed method analysis. Med J Aust. 2006;185(1):40-45.
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Segal L, Nguyen H, Schmidt B, Wenitong M, McDermott RA. Economic evaluation of Indigenous health worker management of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in north Queensland. Med J Aust. 2016;204(5):1961e-1969.
51
Schmidt B, Campbell S, McDermott R. Community health workers as chronic care coordinators: evaluation of an Australian Indigenous primary health care program. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2016;40 Suppl 1:S107-114. doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12480
52
McDermott RA, Schmidt B, Preece C, et al. Community health workers improve diabetes care in remote Australian Indigenous communities: results of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:68. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0695-5
53
Abbott P, Gordon E, Davison J. Expanding roles of Aboriginal health workers in the primary care setting: seeking recognition. Contemp Nurse. 2008;27(2):157-164. doi:10.5555/conu.2008.27.2.157
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Ella S, Lee KK, Childs S, Conigrave KM. Who are the New South Wales Aboriginal drug and alcohol workforce? A first description. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015;34(3):312-322. doi:10.1111/dar.12199
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Allan J. Engaging primary health care workers in drug and alcohol and mental health interventions: challenges for service delivery in rural and remote Australia. Aust J Prim Health. 2010;16(4):311-318. doi:10.1071/py10015
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D’Aprano A, Silburn S, Johnston V, Oberklaid F, Tayler C. Culturally Appropriate Training for Remote Australian Aboriginal Health Workers: Evaluation of an Early Child Development Training Intervention. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(7):503-511. doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000200
60
Josif CM, Barclay L, Kruske S, Kildea S. ‘No more strangers’: Investigating the experiences of women, midwives and others during the establishment of a new model of maternity care for remote dwelling aboriginal women in northern Australia. Midwifery. 2014;30(3):317-323. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.012
61
Smith AC, Brown C, Bradford N, Caffery LJ, Perry C, Armfield NR. Monitoring ear health through a telemedicine-supported health screening service in Queensland. J Telemed Telecare. 2015;21(8):427-430. doi:10.1177/1357633x15605407
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Thompson M, Robertson J, Clough A. A review of the barriers preventing Indigenous Health Workers delivering tobacco interventions to their communities. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2011;35(1):47-53. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00632.x
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Paasse G, Adams K. Working together as a catalyst for change: the development of a peer mentoring model for the prevention of chronic disease in Australian Indigenous communities. Aust J Prim Health. 2011;17(3):214-219. doi:10.1071/py10016
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Walker D, Tennant M, Short SD. An exploration of the priority remote health personnel give to the development of the Indigenous Health Worker oral health role and why: unexpected findings. Aust J Rural Health. 2013;21(5):274-278. doi:10.1111/ajr.12045
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Walker D, Tennant M, Short SD. Listening to indigenous health workers:Helping to explain the disconnect between policy and practice in oral health role development in remote Australia. Health Educ J. 2011;70(4):400-406. doi:10.1177/0017896911428368
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Queensland Health. Crocodile smiles: Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet website. https://healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/learn/health-topics/oral/programs-and-projects/?id=416&title=Crocodile+smiles+2. Published June 2008.
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72
Vindigni D, Parkinson L, Walker B, Rivett DA, Blunden S, Perkins J. A community-based sports massage course for Aboriginal health workers. Aust J Rural Health. 2005;13(2):111-115. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1854.2005.00664.x
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Drummond PD, Mizan A, Brocx K, Wright B. Using peer education to increase sexual health knowledge among West African refugees in Western Australia. Health Care Women Int. 2011;32(3):190-205. doi:10.1080/07399332.2010.529215
78
Henderson S, Kendall E. ‘Community navigators’: making a difference by promoting health in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Logan, Queensland. Aust J Prim Health. 2011;17(4):347-354. doi:10.1071/py11053
79
Morgan K, Lee J, Sebar B. Community health workers: a bridge to healthcare for people who inject drugs. Int J Drug Policy. 2015;26(4):380-387. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.11.001
80
Treloar C, Cao W. Barriers to use of Needle and Syringe Programmes in a high drug use area of Sydney, New South Wales. Int J Drug Policy. 2005;16(5):308-315. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.06.005
81
Landers SJ, Stover GN. Community health workers--practice and promise. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(12):2198. doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300371
82
Anderson A, Proudfoot JG, Harris M. Medical assistants: a primary care workforce solution? Aust Fam Physician. 2009;38(8):623-626.
83
Templeton DJ, Tyson BA, Meharg JP, et al. Aboriginal health worker screening for sexually transmissible infections and blood-borne viruses in a rural Australian juvenile correctional facility. Sex Health. 2010;7(1):44-48. doi:10.1071/sh09035
84
Deek H, Abbott P, Moore L, et al. Pneumococcus in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: the role of Aboriginal health workers and implications for nursing practice. Contemp Nurse. 2013;46(1):54-58. doi:10.5172/conu.2013.46.1.54
85
Health Workforce Australia. Growing Our Future: Final Report of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker Project. Adelaide: Health Workforce Australia, 2011.
86
Henderson S, Kendall E, See L. The effectiveness of culturally appropriate interventions to manage or prevent chronic disease in culturally and linguistically diverse communities: a systematic literature review. Health Soc Care Community. 2011;19(3):225-249. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2010.00972.x
87
Javanparast S, Baum F, Labonte R, Sanders D, Rajabi Z, Heidari G. The experience of community health workers training in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:291. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-291
88
Health Workforce Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker Project. Adelaide: Health Workforce Australia; 2011.
89
Asweto CO, Alzain MA, Andrea S, Alexander R, Wang W. Integration of community health workers into health systems in developing countries: opportunities and challenges. Fam Med Community Health. 2016;4(1):37-45. doi:10.15212/FMCH.2016.0102
90
Balcazar H, Rosenthal EL, Brownstein JN, Rush CH, Matos S, Hernandez L. Community health workers can be a public health force for change in the United States: three actions for a new paradigm. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(12):2199-2203. doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300386
91
Khanassov V, Pluye P, Descoteaux S, et al. Organizational interventions improving access to community-based primary health care for vulnerable populations: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15(1):168. doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0459-9
92
Richard L, Furler J, Densley K, et al. Equity of access to primary healthcare for vulnerable populations: the IMPACT international online survey of innovations. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15:64. doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0351-7
93
Torres S, Balcazar H, Rosenthal LE, Labonte R, Fox D, Chiu Y. Community health workers in Canada and the US: working from the margins to address health equity. Crit Public Health. 2017;27(5):533-540. doi:10.1080/09581596.2016.1275523
94
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Care Integration – From “One Size Fits All” to Person Centred Care; Comment on “Achieving Integrated Care for Older People: Shuffling the Deckchairs or Making the System Watertight for the Future?”
Integrating services is a hot topic amongst health system policy-makers and healthcare managers. There is some evidence that integrated services deliver efficiencies and reduce service utilisation rates for some patient populations. In their article on Achieving Integrated Care for Older People, Gillian Harvey and her colleagues formulate some critical insights from practice and research around integrated care. However, the real challenge is to reconcile service integration with patient experiences. This paper argues that unless we think service integration from the patient’s perspective we will continue to fail to produce the evidence we need to support integrated care solutions to the current health system challenges.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3507_4bb41c447518561e30d06613ae5ec57b.pdf
2018-10-01
955
957
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.51
Integration
Partnership
Health Systems
Health Policy
Axel
Kaehne
axel.kaehne@edgehill.ac.uk
1
Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Harvey G, Dollard J, Marshall A, Mittinty MM. Achieving integrated care for older people: shuffling the deckchairs or making the system watertight for the future? Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;7(4):290-293. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.144
1
Goodwin N, Smith J, Davies A, Perry C, Rosen R, Dixon A, Ham C, et al. Integrated Care for Patients and Populations: Improving Outcomes by Working Together. London: Report to the Department of Health and NHS Future Forum from the King’s Fund and Nuffield Trust, The King’s Fund: 2011.
2
Hildebrandt H, Hermann C, Knittel R, Richter-Reichhelm M, Siegel A, Witzenrath W. Gesundes Kinzigtal Integrated Care: improving population health by a shared health gain approach and a shared savings contract. Int J Integr Care. 2010;10:e046.
3
Kaehne A, Birrell D, Miller R, Petch A. Bringing integration home: Policy on health and social care integration in the four nations of the UK. J Integr Care. 2017;25(2):84-98. doi:10.1108/JICA-12-2016-0049
4
Sifaki-Pistolla D, Chatzea VE, Markaki A, Kritikos K, Petelos E, Lionis C. Operational integration in primary health care: patient encounters and workflows. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):788. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2702-5
5
Williams P, Sullivan H. Faces of integration. Int J Integr Care. 2009;9:e100. doi:10.5334/ijic.509
6
Dickinson H. Making a reality of integration: less science, more craft and graft. J Integr Care. 2014;22(5-6):189-196. doi:10.1108/JICA-08-2014-0033
7
Valentijn PP, Vrijhoef HJM, Ruwaard D, Boesveld I, Arends RY, Bruijnzeels MA. Towards an international taxonomy of integrated primary care: a Delphi consensus approach. BMC Fam Pract. 2015;16(1):64. doi:10.1186/s12875-015-0278-x
8
Singer SJ, Kerrissey M, Friedberg M, Phillips R. A Comprehensive Theory of Integration. Med Care Res Rev. 2018:1077558718767000. doi:10.1177/1077558718767000
9
Hardy B. Partnership and complexity in continuity of care: a study of vertical and horizontal integration across organisational and professional boundaries. National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R&D (NCCSDO); 2006.
10
Kaehne A. Complexity in programme evaluations and integration studies: what can it tell us? J Integr Care. 2016;24(5-6):313-320. doi:10.1108/JICA-10-2016-0041
11
Kaehne A. Integration as a scientific paradigm. J Integr Care. 2017;25(4):271-279. doi:10.1108/JICA-07-2017-0023
12
Dickinson H, Glasby J. 'Why Partnership Working Doesn't Work': Pitfalls, problems and possibilities in English health and social care. Public Management Review. 2010;12(6):811-828. doi:10.1080/14719037.2010.488861
13
Glasby J, Dickinson H, Miller R. Partnership working in England-where we are now and where we've come from. Int J Integr Care. 2011;11 Spec Ed:e002.
14
Kaehne A. Partnerships in Local Government: The case of transition support services for young people with learning disabilities. Public Management Review. 2013;15(5):611-632. doi:10.1080/14719037.2012.698855
15
Wyatt M. Partnership in health and social care: the implications of government guidance in the 1990s in England, with particular reference to voluntary organisations. Policy Polit. 2002;30(2):167-182. doi:10.1332/0305573022501629
16
Larkin M, Richardson EL, Tabreman J. New partnerships in health and social care for an era of public spending cuts. Health Soc Care Community. 2012;20(2):199-207. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2011.01031.x
17
Boult C, Boult LB, Morishita L, Dowd B, Kane RL, Urdangarin CF. A randomized clinical trial of outpatient geriatric evaluation and management. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(4):351-359.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
On Fundamental Premises for Addressing “Context” and “Contextual Factors” Influencing Value Decisions in Healthcare; Comment on “Contextual Factors Influencing Cost and Quality Decisions in Health and Care: A Structured Evidence Review and Narrative Synthesis”
In this commentary on Williams and colleagues’ paper, I will address some essential issues related to research on contextual factors that influence value decision-making in healthcare. Based on the presumption that scientific work requires coherence in its ontological, epistemological and methodological approaches, I identify some challenges in their text and reflect on how those challenges might be addressed. I recommend that more normative work be done to make this a comprehensive area of research and suggest that the fundamental premises structuring investigations in this field be explicitly clarified.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3510_7367075fe832ab613b7e36a2ab7977e7.pdf
2018-10-01
958
960
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.62
Healthcare Decision-Making
Value Decisions
Contextual Factors
Normative Ideals
Methodological Challenges
Kristine
Bærøe
kristine.baroe@uib.no
1
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
LEAD_AUTHOR
Williams I, Brown H, Healy P. Contextual factors influencing cost and quality decisions in health and care: A structured evidence review and narrative synthesis. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018; Forthcoming. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.09
1
Guba EG, Lincoln, YS. Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln, YS, eds. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 1994:105-117.
2
Bærøe K, Baltussen R. Legitimate healthcare limit setting in a real-world setting: Integrating accountability for reasonableness and multi-criteria decision analysis. Public Health Ethics. 2014;7(2):98-111. doi:10.1093/phe/phu006
3
Tromp N, Prawiranegara R, Siregar A, et al. Translating international HIV treatment guidelines into local priorities in Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health. 2018; 23(3): 279-294. doi:10.1111/tmi.13031
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Healthcare Priority-Setting: Chat-Ting Is Not Enough; Comment on “Swiss-CHAT: Citizens Discuss Priorities for Swiss Health Insurance Coverage”
CHAT has its limits. It is a three-hour exercise. However, the real world problems of healthcare rationing and priority-setting are too complex for a three-hour exercise. What is needed, as a supplement, are sustained processes of rational democratic deliberation that can address the challenges to healthcare justice posed by costly emerging medical technologies, such as these targeted cancer therapies.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3517_a62b0f04b35b40d9e8b8041c5313414d.pdf
2018-10-01
961
963
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.66
Rationing
Priority-Setting
Rational Democratic Deliberation
Healthcare Justice
Cost-Effectiveness
Leonard M.
Fleck
fleck@msu.edu
1
Center for Ethics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hurst SA, Schindler M, Goold SD, Danis M. Swiss-CHAT: citizens discuss priorities for Swiss health insurance coverage. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;7(8):746-754. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.15
1
Davis C, Naci H, Gurpinar E, Poplavska E, Pinto A, Aggarwal A. Availability of evidence of benefits on overall survival and quality of life of cancer drugs approved by European Medicine Agency: retrospective cohort study of drug approvals 2009-2013. BMJ. 2017;359:j4530. doi:10.1136/bmj.j4530
2
Schilsky RL, Schnipper LE. Hans Christian Andersen and the value of new cancer treatments. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110 (5):441-442. doi:10.1093/jnci/djx261
3
Bach PB, Giralt SA, Saltz LB. FDA approval of tisagenlecleucel: promise and complexities of a $475000 cancer drug. JAMA. 2017;318(19):1861-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.15218
4
Vivot A, Jacot J, Zeitoun JD, Ravaud P, Crequit P, Porcher R. Clinical benefit, price, approval characteristics of FDA-approved new drugs for treating advanced solid cancer, 2000-2015. Ann Oncol. 2017; 28(5):1111-1116. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx053
5
Triggle N. Cancer drugs fund ‘huge waste of money.’ BBC News. April 28, 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/health-39711137. Accessed May 17, 2018.
6
Blank C. FDA approves breakthrough drug for HIV patients with dwindling options. Modern Medicine Network: Formulary Watch. March 13, 2018. http://www.formularywatch.com/feature-articles/fda-approves-breakthrough-drug-hiv-patients-dwindling-options.
7
Fleck LM. Just Caring: Health Care Rationing and Democratic Deliberation. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.
8
Rawls J. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press; 1996.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Understanding the Promotion of Health Equity at the Local Level Requires Far More than Quantitative Analyses of Yes-No Survey Data; Comment on “Health Promotion at Local Level in Norway: The Use of Public Health Coordinators and Health Overviews to Promote Fair Distribution Among Social Groups”
Health promotion is a complex activity that requires analytic methods that recognize the contested nature of it definition, the barriers and supports for such activities, and its embeddedness within the politics of distribution. In this commentary I critique a recent study of municipalities’ implementation of the Norwegian Public Health Act that employed analysis of “yes” or “no” responses from a large survey. I suggest the complexity of health promotion activities can be best captured through qualitative methods employing open-ended questions and thematic analysis of responses. To illustrate the limitations of the study, I provide details of how these methods were employed to study local public health unit (PHU) activity promoting health equity in Ontario, Canada.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3518_f74381fc0be924bd9a9d045f5257618a.pdf
2018-10-01
964
967
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.70
Norway
Health Equity
Health Promotion
Naturalistic Inquiry
Dennis
Raphael
draphael@yorku.ca
1
School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Almeida-Filho N. A glossary for health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56(9):647-652. doi:10.1136/jech.56.9.647
1
Baum F. Cracking the nut of health equity: top down and bottom up pressure for action on the social determinants of health. Promot Educ. 2007;14(2):90-95. doi:10.1177/10253823070140022002
2
Hagen S, Ivar Overgard K, Helgesen M, Fosse E, Torp S. Health promotion at local level in Norway: the use of public health coordinators and health overviews to promote fair distribution among social groups. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018; Forthcoming. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.22
3
Lasswell HD. Politics: Who Gets What, When, How. Whitefish, MT: Literary Licensing, LLC; 2011.
4
Lincoln YS, Guba E. Naturalist inquiry. Newbury Park CA: Sage; 1985.
5
Brassolotto J, Raphael D, Baldeo N. Epistemological barriers to addressing the social determinants of health among public health professionals in Ontario, Canada: a qualitative inquiry. Crit Public Health. 2014;24(3):321-336. doi:10.1080/09581596.2013.820256
6
Raphael D, Brassolotto J, Baldeo N. Ideological and organizational components of differing public health strategies for addressing the social determinants of health. Health Promot Int. 2015;30(4):855-867. doi:10.1093/heapro/dau022
7
Raphael D, Brassolotto J. Understanding action on the social determinants of health: a critical realist analysis of in-depth interviews with staff of nine Ontario public health units. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:105. doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1064-5
8
Raphael D, Sayani A. Assuming policy responsibility for health equity: local public health action in Ontario, Canada. Health Promot Int. 2017. doi:10.1093/heapro/dax073
9
Muellmann S, Steenbock B, De Cocker K, et al. Views of policy makers and health promotion professionals on factors facilitating implementation and maintenance of interventions and policies promoting physical activity and healthy eating: results of the DEDIPAC project. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):932. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4929-9
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Challenging Institutional Norms to Improve Local-Level Policy for Health and Health Equity; Comment on “Health Promotion at Local Level in Norway: The Use of Public Health Coordinators and Health Overviews to Promote Fair Distribution Among Social Groups”
The article by Susanne Hagen and colleagues on Health Promotion at Local Level in Norway discusses actions by municipal governments to assess and address heath inequities within their respective regions, as required under the Norwegian Public Health Act (PHA). Although the broad intent of the Norwegian government is to encourage action on social determinants of health (SDH), Hagen et al find that many of the initiatives undertaken by municipalities ‘tend to cash out as single, targeted initiatives,’ and focus on individual behaviours. In this commentary, I use the concept of place-based policy and ideas from policy theory on the institutional behaviours of public policy agencies and services, to discuss reasons behind this narrowing of perspective and policy action. I argue in favour of an alternative approach involving public agencies and services supporting processes of community-led action and social change.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3521_eeac694c5d3d72ef4db4901b9f846ec4.pdf
2018-10-01
968
970
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.67
Norway
Public Policy
Health Equity
Community Development
Local Government
Matthew
Fisher
matt.fisher@adelaide.edu.au
1
Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hagen S, Ivar Overgard K, Helgesen M, Fosse E, Torp S. Health promotion at local level in Norway: the use of public health coordinators and health overviews to promote fair distribution among social groups. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018; Forthcoming. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.22
1
Fisher M, Baum FE, MacDougall C, Newman L, McDermott D. To what extent do australian health policy documents address social determinants of health and health equity? J Soc Policy. 2016;45(3):545-564. doi:10.1017/S0047279415000756
2
Fisher M, Baum FE, MacDougall C, Newman L, McDermott D, Phillips C. Intersectoral action on SDH and equity in Australian health policy. Health Promot Int. 2017;32(6):953-963. doi:10.1093/heapro/daw035
3
Kickbusch I. Health in All Policies: The evolution of the concept of horizontal health governance. In: Kickbusch I, Buckett K, eds. Implementing Health in All Policies: Adelaide 2010. Adelaide: Department of Health, Government of South Australia; 2010.
4
Bradford N. Place-based Public Policy: Towards a New Urban and Community Agenda for Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks; 2005.
5
Neumark D, Simpson H. Place-Based Policies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research; 2014.
6
Centre for Community Child Health. Place-Based Initiatives, Transforming Communities: Proceedings From the Place-Based Approaches Roundtable. Melbourne: Royal Children's Hospital; 2012.
7
NHS Health Scotland. Asset Based Approaches to Health Improvement. Evidence for Action Glasgow: NHS Health Scotland; 2012.
8
Howlett M, Ramesh M, Perl A. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press; 2009.
9
Smith K. Institutional filters: The translation and re-circulation of ideas about health inequalities within policy. Policy Polit. 2013;41(1):81-100. doi:10.1332/030557312X655413
10
Beland D, Henry Cox R. Ideas and Politics in Social Science Research. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011.
11
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Are We Asking All the Right Questions About Quality of Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?
Are We Asking All the Right Questions About Quality of Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3502_ab6cad297072596a2d76732ca13e05eb.pdf
2018-10-01
971
972
10.15171/ijhpm.2018.48
Quality of Care
Global Health
Research
Health Systems
Governance
Stephanie M.
Topp
globalstopp@gmail.com
1
College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kabir
Sheikh
kabir.sheikh@gmail.com
2
Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
AUTHOR
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3
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4
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5
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