Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 11 8 2022 08 01 Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2001-2018 1286 1300 4018 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.13 EN Ehsan Mostafavi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1997-517X Abdolmajid Ghasemian Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1243-6341 Abubakar Abdinasir Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt 0000-0002-5131-5518 Seyed Alireza Nematollahi Mahani Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5811-2473 Salman Rawaf Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK 0000-0001-7191-2355 Mostafa Salehi Vaziri Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Research Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8892-8505 Mohammad Mahdi Gouya Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0288-8790 Tran Minh Nhu Nguyen Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt Salah Al Awaidy Office of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman 0000-0001-5112-3893 Lubna Al Ariqi Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt 0000-0002-3343-6359 Md. Mazharul Islam Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa 0000-0002-7357-9645 Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd Farag Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar 0000-0002-1281-6205 Majdouline Obtel Laboratory of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco 0000-0002-3357-0603 Peter Omondi Mala Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt 0000-0002-8601-8724 Ghassan M. Matar Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon 0000-0002-9721-6953 Rana Jawad Asghar University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA Global Health Strategists & Implementers (GHSI), Islamabad, Pakistan 0000-0001-5413-5742 Amal Barakat Infectious Hazards Management, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt 0000-0002-8605-0353 Mohammad Nadir Sahak Infectious Hazard Management Department, World Health Organization, Kabul, Afghanistan 0000-0002-0334-3629 Mariam Abdulmonem Mansouri Communicable Diseases Control Department, Public Health Directorate Unit, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK 0000-0002-7259-2389 Alexandra Swaka Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK 0000-0003-4144-2377 Journal Article 2020 02 04 Background Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are predisposed to highly contagious, severe and fatal, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), and re-emerging infectious diseases (RIDs). This paper reviews the epidemiological situation of EIDs and RIDs of global concern in the EMR between 2001 and 2018. Methods To do a narrative review, a complete list of studies in the field was we prepared following a systematic search approach. Studies that were purposively reviewed were identified to summarize the epidemiological situation of each targeted disease. A comprehensive search of all published studies on EIDs and RIDs between 2001 and 2018 was carried out through search engines including Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Results Leishmaniasis, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are reported from all countries in the region. Chikungunya, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), dengue fever, and H5N1 have been increasing in number, frequency, and expanding in their geographic distribution. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which was reported in this region in 2012 is still a public health concern. There are challenges to control cholera, diphtheria, leishmaniasis, measles, and poliomyelitis in some of the countries. Moreover, Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHF), and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are limited to some countries in the region. Also, there is little information about the real situation of the plague, Q fever, and tularemia. Conclusion EIDs and RIDs are prevalent in most countries in the region and could further spread within the region. It is crucial to improve regional capacities and capabilities in preventing and responding to disease outbreaks with adequate resources and expertise.

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