Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Trade Agreements and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Pharmaceuticals 98 100 3425 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.124 EN Deborah Gleeson School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia David B. Menkes Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Journal Article 2017 07 21 There is growing international concern about the risks posed by direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription pharmaceuticals, including via the internet. Recent trade agreements negotiated by the United States, however, incorporate provisions that may constrain national regulation of DTCA. Some provisions explicitly mention DTCA; others enable foreign investors to seek compensation if new regulations are seen to harm their investments. These provisions may thus prevent countries from restricting DTCA or put them at risk of expensive legal action from companies seeking damages due to restrictions on advertising. While the most recent example, the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), collapsed following US withdrawal in January 2017, early indications of the Trump Administration’s trade policy agenda signal an even more aggressive approach on the part of the United States in negotiating advantages for American businesses. Furthermore, the eleven remaining TPP countries may decide to proceed with the agreement in the absence of the United States, with most of the original text (including the provisions relevant to DTCA) intact.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3425_785bdd8fd6046c291d20f6bc8e163c2a.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 What Enables and Constrains the Inclusion of the Social Determinants of Health Inequities in Government Policy Agendas? A Narrative Review 101 111 3438 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.130 EN Phillip Baker Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia Sharon Friel School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Adrian Kay Institute of Policy Studies, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam Fran Baum Southgate Institute of Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia Lyndall Strazdins National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Tamara Mackean Southgate Institute of Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia Journal Article 2017 07 03 Background Despite decades of evidence gathering and calls for action, few countries have systematically attenuated health inequities (HI) through action on the social determinants of health (SDH). This is at least partly because doing so presents a significant political and policy challenge. This paper explores this challenge through a review of the empirical literature, asking: what factors have enabled and constrained the inclusion of the social determinants of health inequities (SDHI) in government policy agendas? Methods A narrative review method was adopted involving three steps: first, drawing upon political science theories on agenda-setting, an integrated theoretical framework was developed to guide the review; second, a systematic search of scholarly databases for relevant literature; and third, qualitative analysis of the data and thematic synthesis of the results. Studies were included if they were empirical, met specified quality criteria, and identified factors that enabled or constrained the inclusion of the SDHI in government policy agendas. Results A total of 48 studies were included in the final synthesis, with studies spanning a number of country-contexts and jurisdictional settings, and employing a diversity of theoretical frameworks. Influential factors included the ways in which the SDHI were framed in public, media and political discourse; emerging data and evidence describing health inequalities; limited supporting evidence and misalignment of proposed solutions with existing policy and institutional arrangements; institutionalised norms and ideologies (ie, belief systems) that are antithetical to a SDH approach including neoliberalism, the medicalisation of health and racism; civil society mobilization; leadership; and changes in government. Conclusion A complex set of interrelated, context-dependent and dynamic factors influence the inclusion or neglect of the SDHI in government policy agendas. It is better to think about these factors as increasing (or decreasing) the ‘probability’ of health equity reaching a government agenda, rather than in terms of ‘necessity’ or ‘sufficiency.’ Understanding these factors may help advocates develop strategies for generating political priority for attenuating HI in the future.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3438_47e332cf5cb2935ed3da952ee66f482d.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Towards Patient-Centered Conflicts of Interest Policy 112 119 3433 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.128 EN Peter D. Young Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Dawei Xie Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Harald Schmidt Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Journal Article 2017 07 14 Financial conflicts of interest exist between industry and physicians, and these relationships have the power to influence physicians’ medical practice. Transparency about conflicts matters for ensuring adequate informed consent, controlling healthcare expenditure, and encouraging physicians’ reflection on professionalism. The US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) launched the Open Payments Program (OPP) to publicly disclose and bring transparency to the relationships between industry and physicians in the United States. We set out to explore user awareness of the database and the ease of accessibility to disclosed information, however, as we show, both awareness and actual use are very low. Two practical policies can greatly enhance its intended function and help alleviate ethical tension. The first is to provide data for individual physicians not merely in absolute terms, but in meaningful context, that is, in relation to the zip code, city, and state averages. The second increases access to the OPP dataset by adding hyperlinks from physicians’ professional websites directly to their Open Payments disclosure pages. These changes considerably improve transparency and the utility of available data, and can furthermore enhance professionalism and accountability by encouraging physicians to reflect more actively on their own practices.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3433_8b05180ea0c19bc486fc4f99acc36abc.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Measuring the Benefits of Healthcare: DALYs and QALYs – Does the Choice of Measure Matter? A Case Study of Two Preventive Interventions 120 136 3356 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.47 EN Federico Augustovski Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Lisandro D. Colantonio University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA Julieta Galante Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Ariel Bardach Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Joaquín E. Caporale Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Víctor Zárate Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile Ling Hsiang Chuang Pharmerit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Andres Pichon-Riviere Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Paul Kind University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Journal Article 2016 05 09 Background The measurement of health benefits is a key issue in health economic evaluations. There is very scarce empirical literature exploring the differences of using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as benefit metrics and their potential impact in decision-making. Methods Two previously published models delivering outputs in QALYs, were adapted to estimate DALYs: a Markov model for human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination, and a pneumococcal vaccination deterministic model (PNEUMO). Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom studies were used, where local EQ-5D social value weights were available to provide local QALY weights. A primary study with descriptive vignettes was done (n = 73) to obtain EQ-5D data for all health states included in both models. Several scenario analyses were carried-out to evaluate the relative importance of using different metrics (DALYS or QALYs) to estimate health benefits on these economic evaluations. Results QALY gains were larger than DALYs avoided in all countries for HPV, leading to more favorable decisions using the former. With discounting and age-weighting – scenario with greatest differences in all countries – incremental DALYs avoided represented the 75%, 68%, and 43% of the QALYs gained in Argentina, Chile, and United Kingdom respectively. Differences using QALYs or DALYs were less consistent and sometimes in the opposite direction for PNEUMO. These differences, similar to other widely used assumptions, could directly influence decision-making using usual gross domestic products (GDPs) per capita per DALY or QALY thresholds. Conclusion We did not find evidence that contradicts current practice of many researchers and decision-makers of using QALYs or DALYs interchangeably. Differences attributed to the choice of metric could influence final decisions, but similarly to other frequently used assumptions.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3356_b9902a8ea813ab6da33b518d67f5a55f.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Managing In- and Out-Migration of Health Workforce in Selected Countries in South East Asia Region 137 143 3357 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.49 EN Viroj Tangcharoensathien International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Phyllida Travis WHO South East Asia Region, Delhi, India Achmad Soebagjo Tancarino Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia Krisada Sawaengdee International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Public Health Technical Office, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Yanchen Chhoedon Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan Safeenaz Hassan Ministry of Health, Malé, Maldives Nareerut Pudpong Healthcare Accreditation Institute (Public Organization), Nonthaburi, Thailand Journal Article 2016 11 28 Background There is an increasing trend of international migration of health professionals from low- and middle- income countries to high-income countries as well as across middle-income countries. The WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel was created to better address health workforce development and the ethical conduct of international recruitment. This study assessed policies and practices in 4 countries in South East Asia on managing the in- and out-migration of doctors and nurses to see whether the management has been in line with the WHO Global Code and has fostered health workforce development in the region; and draws lessons from these countries. Methods Following the second round of monitoring of the Global Code of Practice, a common protocol was developed for an in-depth analysis of (a) destination country policy instruments to ensure expatriate and local professional quality through licensing and equal practice, (b) source country collaboration to ensure the out-migrating professionals are equally treated by destination country systems. Documents on employment practice for local and expatriate health professionals were also reviewed and synthesized by the country authors, followed by a cross-country thematic analysis. Results Bhutan and the Maldives have limited local health workforce production capacities, while Indonesia and Thailand have sufficient capacities but are at risk of increased out-migration of nurses. All countries have mandatory licensing for local and foreign trained professionals. Legislation and employment rules and procedures are equally applied to domestic and expatriate professionals in all countries. Some countries apply mandatory renewal of professional licenses for local professionals that require continued professional development. Local language proficiency required by destination countries is the main barrier to foreign professionals gaining a license. The size of outmigration is unknown by these 4 countries, except in Indonesia where some formal agreements exist with other governments or private recruiters for which the size of outflows through these mechanisms can be captured. Conclusion Mandatory professional licensing, employment regulations and procedures are equally applied to domestic and foreign trained professionals, though local language requirements can be a barrier in gaining license. Source country policy to protect their out-migrating professionals by ensuring equal conditions of practice by destination countries is hampered by the fact that most out-migrating professionals leave voluntarily and are outside government to government agreements. This requires more international solidarity and collaboration between source and destination countries, for which the WHO Global Code is an essential and useful platform.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3357_cd36eed7940c68ac5f8364df0e5674be.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Including Health in Environmental Assessments of Major Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Documentary Analysis 144 153 3359 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.55 EN Emily Riley Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Public Health, and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Patrick Harris Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Public Health, and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Jennifer Kent Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Design, and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Peter Sainsbury Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia Anna Lane Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia Fran Baum Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia Journal Article 2017 02 01 Background Transport policy and practice impacts health. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are regulated public policy mechanisms that can be used to consider the health impacts of major transport projects before they are approved. The way health is considered in these environmental assessments (EAs) is not well known. This research asked: How and to what extent was human health considered in EAs of four major transport projects in Australia. Methods We developed a comprehensive coding framework to analyse the Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) of four transport infrastructure projects: three road and one light rail. The coding framework was designed to capture how health was directly and indirectly included. Results We found that health was partially considered in all four EISs. In the three New South Wales (NSW) projects, but not the one South Australian project, this was influenced by the requirements issued to proponents by the government which directed the content of the EIS. Health was assessed using human health risk assessment (HHRA). We found this to be narrow in focus and revealed a need for a broader social determinants of health approach, using multiple methods. The road assessments emphasised air quality and noise risks, concluding these were minimal or predicted to improve. The South Australian project was the only road project not to include health data explicitly. The light rail EIS considered the health benefits of the project whereas the others focused on risk. Only one project considered mental health, although in less detail than air quality or noise. Conclusion Our findings suggest EIAs lag behind the known evidence linking transport infrastructure to health. If health is to be comprehensively included, a more complete model of health is required, as well as a shift away from health risk assessment as the main method used. This needs to be mandatory for all significant developments. We also found that considering health only at the EIA stage may be a significant limitation, and there is a need for health issues to be considered when earlier, fundamental decisions about the project are being made.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3359_de4616724dbf6fb4864442647b012742.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Public Health Policy and Experience of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Pune, India 154 166 3361 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.54 EN Vidula Purohit The Maharashtra Association of Anthropological Sciences, Centre for Health Research and Development, Pune, India Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India Abhay Kudale The Maharashtra Association of Anthropological Sciences, Centre for Health Research and Development, Pune, India Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India Neisha Sundaram Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Saju Joseph The Maharashtra Association of Anthropological Sciences, Centre for Health Research and Development, Pune, India Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India Christian Schaetti Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Mitchell G. Weiss Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Journal Article 2016 09 13 Background Prior experience and the persisting threat of influenza pandemic indicate the need for global and local preparedness and public health response capacity. The pandemic of 2009 highlighted the importance of such planning and the value of prior efforts at all levels. Our review of the public health response to this pandemic in Pune, India, considers the challenges of integrating global and national strategies in local programmes and lessons learned for influenza pandemic preparedness. Methods Global, national and local pandemic preparedness and response plans have been reviewed. In-depth interviews were undertaken with district health policy-makers and administrators who coordinated the pandemic response in Pune. Results In the absence of a comprehensive district-level pandemic preparedness plan, the response had to be improvised. Media reporting of the influenza pandemic and inaccurate information that was reported at times contributed to anxiety in the general public and to widespread fear and panic. Additional challenges included inadequate public health services and reluctance of private healthcare providers to treat people with flu-like symptoms. Policy-makers developed a response strategy that they referred to as the Pune plan, which relied on powers sanctioned by the Epidemic Act of 1897 and resources made available by the union health ministry, state health department and a government diagnostic laboratory in Pune. Conclusion The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) global strategy for pandemic control focuses on national planning, but state-level and local experience in a large nation like India shows how national planning may be adapted and implemented. The priority of local experience and requirements does not negate the need for higher level planning. It does, however, indicate the importance of local adaptability as an essential feature of the planning process. Experience and the implicit Pune plan that emerged are relevant for pandemic preparedness and other public health emergencies.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3361_5a21262a5f4025329f5995bf01052de8.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 An Evaluation of the Role of an Intermediate Care Facility in the Continuum of Care in Western Cape, South Africa 167 179 3362 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.52 EN Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda Public Health Department, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa Leslie London School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa David Pienaar Western Cape Department of Health, Cape Town, South Africa Journal Article 2016 10 16 Background A comprehensive primary healthcare (PHC) approach requires clear referral and continuity of care pathways. South Africa is a lower-middle income country (LMIC) that lacks data on the role of intermediate care (IC) services in the health system. This study described the model of service provision at one facility in Cape Town, including reason for admission, the mix of services and skills provided and needed, patient satisfaction, patient outcome and articulation with other services across the spectrum of care. Methods A multi-method design was used. Sixty-eight patients were recruited over one month in mid-2011 in a prospective cohort. Patient data were collected from clinical record review and an interviewer-administered questionnaire, administered shortly after admission to assess primary and secondary diagnosis, referring institution, knowledge of and previous use of home based care (HBC) services, reason for admission and demographics. A telephonic questionnaire at 9-weeks post-discharge recorded their vital status, use of HBC post-discharge and their satisfaction with care received. Staff members completed a self-administered questionnaire to describe demographics and skills. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of survival. Results Of the 68 participants, 38% and 24% were referred from a secondary and tertiary hospital, respectively. Stroke (35%) was the most common single reason for admission. The three most common reasons reported why care was better at the IC facility were staff attitude, the presence of physiotherapy and the wound care. Even though most patients reported admission to another health facility in the preceding year, only 13 patients (21%) had ever accessed HBC and only 25% (n = 15) of discharged patients used HBC post-discharge. Of the 57 patients traced on follow-up, 21(37%) had died. The presence of a Care-plan was significantly associated with a 62% lower risk of death (hazard ratio: 0.38; CI 0.15–0.97). Notably, 46% of staff members reported performing roles that were outside their scope of practice and there was a mismatch between what staff reported doing and their actual tasks. Conclusion Clients understood this service as a caring environment primarily responsible for rehabilitation services. A Care-plan beyond admission could significantly reduce mortality. There was poor referral to and poor articulation with HBC services. IC services should be recognised as an integral part of the health system and should be accessible.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3362_f4dce41c179bc008e8a9ca799ed8bf00.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Community Psychology as a Process of Citizen Participation in Health Policy; Comment on “The Rise of Post-truth Populism in Pluralist Liberal Democracies: Challenges for Health Policy” 180 182 3378 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.72 EN Danny Taggart School of Health and Human Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK Journal Article 2017 04 24 This brief commentary discusses a recent paper by Speed and Mannion that explores “The Rise of post truth populism in liberal democracies: challenges for health policy.” It considers their assertion that through meaningful democratic engagement in health policy, some of the risks brought about by an exclusionary populist politics can be mediated. With an overview of what participation means in modern healthcare policy and implementation, the field of community psychology is presented as one way to engage marginalized groups at risk of exploitation or exclusion by nativist populist policy.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3378_3abdcddff67a5d9b38c4ffbbd793f269.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 It Takes Two to Tango: Customization and Standardization as Colluding Logics in Healthcare; Comment on “(Re) Making the Procrustean Bed Standardization and Customization as Competing Logics in Healthcare” 183 185 3379 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.77 EN David Greenfield Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, Australia Kathy Eljiz Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, Australia 0000-0002-0970-1888 Kerryn Butler-Henderson Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, Australia Journal Article 2017 06 11 The healthcare context is characterized with new developments, technologies, ideas and expectations that are continually reshaping the frontline of care delivery. Mannion and Exworthy identify two key factors driving this complexity, ‘standardization’ and ‘customization,’ and their apparent resulting paradox to be negotiated by healthcare professionals, managers and policy makers. However, while they present a compelling argument an alternative viewpoint exists. An analysis is presented that shows instead of being ‘competing’ logics in healthcare, standardization and customization are long standing ‘colluding’ logics. Mannion and Exworthy’s call for further sustained work to understand this complex, contested space is endorsed, noting that it is critical to inform future debates and service decisions.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3379_7e3dc68d9e180bcefd2a68cff0477953.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 The Conceptualization of Value in the Value Proposition of New Health Technologies; Comment on “Providing Value to New Health Technology: The Early Contribution of Entrepreneurs, Investors, and Regulatory Agencies” 186 188 3380 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.75 EN Sandra C. Buttigieg Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta Joost Van Hoof Institute of Allied Health Professions, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Journal Article 2017 04 24 Lehoux et al provide a highly valid contribution in conceptualizing value in value propositions for new health technologies and developing an analytic framework that illustrates the interplay between health innovation supply-side logic (the logic of emergence) and demand-side logic (embedding in the healthcare system). This commentary brings forth several considerations on this article. First, a detailed stakeholder analysis provides the necessary premonition of potential hurdles in the development, implementation and dissemination of a new technology. This can be achieved by categorizing potential stakeholder groups on the basis of the potential impact of future technology. Secondly, the conceptualization of value in value propositions of new technologies should not only embrace business/economic and clinical values but also ethical, professional and cultural values, as well as factoring in the notion of usability and acceptance of new technology. As a final note, the commentary emphasises the point that technology should facilitate delivery of care without negatively affecting doctorpatient communications, physical examination skills, and development of clinical knowledge.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3380_9fb291ba1ba83e68c1e823bf96985493.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 The WHO Tobacco Convention: A New Dawn in the Implementation of International Health Instrument?; Comment on “The Legal Strength of International Health Instruments - What It Brings to Global Health Governance?” 189 191 3382 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.70 EN Ebenezer Durojaye Dullah Omar Institute, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa Journal Article 2017 04 25 The Tobacco Convention was adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2003. Nikogosian and Kickbusch examine the five potential impacts of the Tobacco Convention and its Protocol on public health. These include the adoption of the Convention would seem to unlock the treaty-making powers of WHO; the impact of the Convention in the global health architecture has been phenomenal globally; the Convention has facilitated the adoption of further instruments to strengthen its implementation at the national level; the Convention has led to the adoption of appropriate legal framework to combat the use of tobacco at the national level and that the impact of the Convention would seem to go beyond public health but has also led to the adoption of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco. However, the article by Nikogosian and Kickbusch would seem to overlook some of the challenges that may militate against the effective implementation of international law, including the Tobacco Convention, at the national level.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3382_6be5ee47e4b4f40009f1093eee1dcdcc.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 The Magic Pudding; Comment on “Four Challenges That Global Health Networks Face” 192 194 3383 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.76 EN Jill White Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Journal Article 2017 05 16 This commentary reflects on the contribution of this editorial and its “Three Challenges That Global Health Networks Face” to the totality of the framework developed over the past decade by Shiffman and his collaborators. It reviews the earlier works to demonstrate that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts in providing a package of tools for analysis of network effectiveness. Additionally the assertion is made that the framework can be utilised in reverse to form a map for action planning for network activity around a potential health policy issue

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3383_5b50a7b5d0bbd64aa2c5ca0d73ef70f3.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 The Far Right Challenge; Comment on “The Rise of Post-truth Populism in Pluralist Liberal Democracies: Challenges for Health Policy” 195 198 3386 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.82 EN Daphne Halikiopoulou University of Reading, Reading, UK Journal Article 2017 04 30 Speed and Mannion make a good case that the rise of populism poses significant challenges for health policy. This commentary suggests that the link between populism and health policy should be further nuanced in four ways. First, a deconstruction of the term populism itself and a focus on the far right dimension of populist politics; second, a focus on the supply side and more specifically the question of nationalism and the ‘national preference’; third, the dynamics of party competition during economic crisis; and fourth the question of policy, and more specifically the extent to which certain labour market policies are able to mediate demand for the far right.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3386_3f481500e7f0e66f5d8845d90b3ac504.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 7 2 2018 02 01 Tackling HIV in MENA: Talk Is Not Enough–It Is Time for Bold Actions: A Response to Recent Commentaries 199 200 3413 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.110 EN Mohammad Karamouzian HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Navid Madani Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Fardad Doroudi UNAIDS – The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Haghdoost HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2017 08 26

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3413_cdd514b5e88406a79a00f414dc18a0e0.pdf