Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Thinking Together, Working Apart: Leveraging a Community of Practice to Facilitate Productive and Meaningful Remote Collaboration 528 533 3854 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.122 EN Mark Embrett Health Program, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada Rebecca H. Liu Women’s College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Katie Aubrecht Department of Sociology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada Andriy Koval University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA Jonathan Lai Canadian Autism Spectrum Disorder Alliance (CASDA), Toronto, ON, Canada Journal Article 2020 05 18 Considering the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, scholars were encouraged to cease collocated meetings. Many researchers have turned to remote collaboration to continue group-based projects. This paper focuses on the structure, processes, and outcomes that a group of physically distanced, embedded researchers used to collaborate across Canada to produce research outputs prior to the pandemic. The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of mechanisms that can facilitate meaningful and productive remote collaboration using online and digital technologies as a feasible and effective alternative mode of communication for research teams.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3854_2ba3fbb058f5246af85e6e45a07c936e.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Patient-Centred Care for Patients With Diabetes and HIV at a Public Tertiary Hospital in South Africa: An Ethnographic Study 534 545 3804 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.65 EN Edna N. Bosire South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Emily Mendenhall South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Science, Technology, and International Affairs Program, Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA Shane A. Norris South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Jane Goudge Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Journal Article 2019 08 05 Background Healthcare systems across the globe are adopting patient-centred care (PCC) approach to empower patients in taking charge of their illnesses and improve the quality of care. Although models of patient‐centredness vary, respecting the needs and preferences of individuals receiving care is important. South Africa has implemented an integrated chronic disease management (ICDM) which has PCC component. The ICDM aims to empower chronic care patients to play an active role in disease management process, whilst simultaneously intervening at a community/ population and health service level. However, chronic care is still fragmented due to systemic challenges that have hindered the practice of PCC. In this article, we explore provider perspectives on PCC for patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and HIV at a public tertiary hospital in urban South Africa. Methods This study utilizes ethnographic methods, encompassing clinical observations, and qualitative interviews with healthcare providers (n = 30). Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and data were analyzed inductively using a grounded theory approach. Results Providers reported various ways in which they conceptualized and practiced PCC. However, structural challenges such as staff shortages, lack of guidelines for comorbid care, and fragmented care, and patient barriers such as poverty, language, and missed appointments, impeded the possibility of practicing PCC. Conclusion Health systems could be strengthened by: (i) ensuring appropriate multidisciplinary guidelines for managing comorbidities exist, are known, and available, (ii) strengthening primary healthcare (PHC) clinics by ensuring access to necessary resources that will facilitate successful integration and management of comorbid diabetes and HIV, (iii) training medical practitioners on PCC and structural competence, so as to better understand patients in their sociocultural contexts, and (iv) understanding patient challenges to effective care to improve attendance and adherence.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3804_c5fd1da03845c5506bb596d24f22d3c1.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 The Effectiveness of a Multi-Pronged Psycho-Social Intervention Among People With Mental Health and Epilepsy Problems - A Pre-Post Prospective Cohort Study Set in North India 546 553 3809 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.62 EN Kaaren Mathias Herbertpur Christian Hospital, Emmanuel Hospital Association, Uttarakhand, India Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Dale Corcoran Northland District Health Board, Whangarei, New Zealand Pooja Pillai Herbertpur Christian Hospital, Emmanuel Hospital Association, Uttarakhand, India Smita Deshpande Dr. RML Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), New Delhi, India Miguel San Sebastian Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Journal Article 2019 10 18 Background In low- and middle-income settings, many people with mental health problems cannot or do not access psychiatric services. Few studies of people with epilepsy and mental problems have evaluated the effectiveness of a predominantly psycho-social intervention, delivered by lay community workers. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a community-based complex mental health intervention within informal urban communities while simultaneously addressing social determinants of mental health among disadvantaged people with severe and common mental disorders (CMDs), and epilepsy. Methods In this observational, prospective cohort study set in Uttarakhand, India, the lay-worker led intervention included psychoeducation, behavioural activation, facilitation of access to care, and facilitated psycho-social support groups. Participants were categorised as having a severe or CMD or epilepsy and assessed 5 times over 24 months using primary outcome measures, including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) (severity of depression), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), the Recovery Star, and scoring of a bespoke Engagement Index. Analysis included descriptive statistics as well as hierarchical linear regression models to report fixed effects as regression coefficients. Results Among the 297 (baseline) participants only 96 people (31%) regularly used psychotropic medication (at least 4 weeks) and over 60% could not or did not consult a psychiatrist at all in the study period. Nonetheless, people with CMDs showed a significant reduction in their depression severity (PHQ9: B = -6.94, 95% CI -7.37 to -6.51), while people with severe mental disorders (SMDs) showed a significant reduction in their disability score (WHODAS 2.0: B = -4.86, 95% CI - 7.14 to- 2.57). People with epilepsy also reduced their disability score (WHODAS 2.0: B = -5.22, 95% CI -7.29 to -3.15). Conclusion This study shows significant improvements in mental health, depression, recovery, disability and social engagement for people with common and SMDs, and epilepsy, through a community-based intervention that was nonpharmaceutical. It provides preliminary evidence of the value of predominantly psycho-social interventions implemented by lay health workers among people with limited or no access to psychiatric services.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3809_ae3a5bbcd9bd49937e88b0826ce1d780.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Financing Maternity and Early Childhood Healthcare in The Australian Healthcare System: Costs to Funders in Private and Public Hospitals Over the First 1000 Days 554 563 3812 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.68 EN Emily Callander Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia Antonia Shand Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia David Ellwood School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia Haylee Fox School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD, Australia Natasha Nassar Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Journal Article 2019 11 11 Background Maternity care is a significant contributor to overall healthcare expenditure, and private care is seen as a mechanism to reduce the cost to public funders. However, public funders may still contribute to part of the cost of private care. The paper aims to quantify (1) the cost to different funders of maternal and early childhood healthcare over the first 1000 days for both women giving birth in private and public hospitals; (2) any variation in cost to different funders by birth type; and (3) the cost of excess caesarean sections in public and private hospitals in Australia. Methods This study utilised a whole of population linked administrative dataset, and classified costs by the funding source. The mean cost to different funders for private hospital births, and public hospital births in the Australian state, Queensland are presented by time period and by birth type. The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) C-model was used to identify the optimal caesarean section rate based upon demographic and clinical factors, and counterfactual analysis was utilised to identify the cost to different funders if caesarean section had been utilised at this rate across Australia. Results We found that for women who gave birth in a public hospital as a public patient, the mean cost was $22 474. For women who gave birth in a private hospital the mean cost was $24 731, and the largest contributor was private health insurers ($11 550), followed by Medicare ($7261) and individuals ($3312). Private hospital births cost government funders $10 050 on average; whereas public hospital public patient births cost government funders $21 723 on average and public hospital private patient births cost government funders $20 899 on average. If caesarean section deliveries were reduced, public hospital funders could save $974 million and private health insurers could save $216 million. Conclusion Private hospital births cost government funders less than public hospital births, but government funders still pay for around 40% of the cost of private hospital births. Caesarean sections, which are more frequently performed in private hospitals, are costly to all funders and reducing them could impart significant cost savings to all funders.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3812_63e9efae3e6ed7f60f8d66800a902d96.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Cost of Utilising Maternal Health Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review 564 577 3841 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.104 EN Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK Francis Ifeanyi Ayomoh Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK 0000-0002-1281-0049 Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, Canada Oluwasola Banke-Thomas Health Education West Midlands, Birmingham, UK 0000-0003-4006-9291 Ejemai Amaize Eboreime Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 0000-0001-8277-2570 Charles Anawo Ameh Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK Journal Article 2019 10 30 Background Cost is a major barrier to maternal health service utilisation for many women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, comparable evidence of the available cost data in these countries is limited. We conducted a systematic review and comparative analysis of costs of utilising maternal health services in these settings. Methods We searched peer-reviewed and grey literature databases for articles reporting cost of utilising maternal health services in LMICs published post-2000. All retrieved records were screened and articles meeting the inclusion criteria selected. Quality assessment was performed using the relevant cost-specific criteria of the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. To guarantee comparability, disaggregated costs data were inflated to 2019 US dollar equivalents. Total adjusted costs and cost drivers associated with utilising each service were systematically compared. Where heterogeneity in methods or non-disaggregated costs was observed, narrative synthesis was used to summarise findings. Results Thirty-six studies met our inclusion criteria. Many of the studies costed multiple services. However, the most frequently costed services were utilisation of normal vaginal delivery (22 studies), caesarean delivery (13), and antenatal care (ANC) (10). The least costed services were post-natal care (PNC) and post-abortion care (PAC) (5 each). Studies used varied methods for data collection and analysis and their quality ranged from low to high with most assessed as average or high. Generally, across all included studies, cost of utilisation progressively increased from ANC and PNC to delivery and PAC, and from public to private providers. Medicines and diagnostics were main cost drivers for ANC and PNC while cost drivers were variable for delivery. Women experienced financial burden of utilising maternal health services and also had to pay some unofficial costs to access care, even where formal exemptions existed. Conclusion Consensus regarding approach for costing maternal health services will help to improve their relevance for supporting policy-making towards achieving universal health coverage. If indeed the post-2015 mission of the global community is to “leave no one behind,” then we need to ensure that women and their families are not facing unnecessary and unaffordable costs that could potentially tip them into poverty. Prospero Registration Number CRD42019150058

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3841_6e3606d8ce34f533825a2a0c3a1f7285.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Denial and Distraction: How the Populist Radical Right Responds to COVID-19; Comment on “A Scoping Review of PRR Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implication for Population Health in Europe” 578 580 3880 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.141 EN Michelle Falkenbach Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Scott L. Greer University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Journal Article 2020 06 30 This commentary considers the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the study of populist radical right (PRR) politicians and their influence on public health and health policy. A systematic review of recent research on the influence of PRR politicians on the health and welfare policies shows that health is not a policy arena that these politicians have much experience in. In office, their effects can be destructive, primarily because they subordinate health to their other goals. Brazil, the US and the UK all show this pattern. PRR politicians in opposition such as the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) in Austria or the Lega in Italy, said very little during the actual health crisis, but once the public no longer appeared afraid they lost no time in reactivating anti-European Union (EU) sentiments. Whether in government or in opposition, PRR politicians opted for distraction and denial. Their effects ranged from making the pandemic worse.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3880_266821699c45dcdd148aa61f275fc3f3.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Welfare Chauvinism, Populist Radical Right Parties and Health Inequalities; Comment on “A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe” 581 584 3886 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.149 EN Clare Bambra Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Julia Lynch Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Journal Article 2020 07 02 In this short commentary, we examine the implications of the welfare chauvinism of the populist radical right (PRR) for health inequalities by examining the international evidence about the impact of previous periods of welfare state contraction on population health and health inequalities. We argue that parties from various political traditions have in fact long engaged in stigmatisation of welfare recipients to justify welfare state retrenchment, a technique that the PRR have now ‘weaponised.’ We conclude by reflecting on implications of the rise of the PRR for the future of welfare states and health inequalities in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3886_b370da5e584cb046821e447205a70d00.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Populism and Health Policy in Latin America; Comment on “A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe” 585 587 3888 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.153 EN Mary A. Clark Department of Political Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA Amy Patterson Department of Politics, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA Journal Article 2020 06 24 This commentary focuses on Latin America, a region known for its rich variety of populist politicians and some of the most extensive welfare states in the Global South. Contemporary Latin America offers examples of left-wing and right-wing populist leaders, none of whom demonstrate the same focus on excluding immigrants from welfare state benefits as that noted by Chiari Rinaldi and Marleen Bekker in the European context. We see this contrast not because immigrants’ access to health services is less important in Latin America, but because Latin American populists are more focused on internal “enemies.” The commentary concludes with observations regarding Latin American populist leaders’ handling of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3888_cc4462fb9399eec2c972fcf3fa6db4a2.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 The Multifaceted Pathways Linking Populism to Ethnic Minority Health; Comment on “A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe” 588 590 3891 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.154 EN Karien Stronks Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Charles Agyemang Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Journal Article 2020 07 09 Based on a scoping review of empirical studies accompanied by interviews with experts, Rinaldi and Bekker studied the impact of populist radical right (PRR) parties on access to welfare provisions – the latter standing proxy for population health and for health inequalities in particular. We argue that populism can impact on migrant and ethnic minority health in multiple ways, in addition to the welfare mechanism specified in that review. These include institutionalised discrimination affecting individuals’ positions in the social hierarchy, experiences of discrimination in interpersonal relationships, and a weakened legitimacy of health policies. Interdisciplinary teams that include public health scholars and political scientists should take up the challenge of understanding migrant and ethnic minority health from a systems perspective.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3891_bcc5fd9b0e123273a663f30326c7b5c8.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Issue Competition and the Social Construction of Target Populations: Alternative Suggestions for the Study of the Influence of Populist Radical Right Parties on Health Policy and Health Outcomes; Comment on “A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe” 591 593 3897 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.157 EN Carole Clavier Departement of Political Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada 0000-0001-7327-1571 Elisabeth Martin Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada France Gagnon School of Administration Sciences, Université TÉLUQ, Québec, QC, Canada Journal Article 2020 07 16 Rinaldi and Bekker ask whether populist radical right (PRR) parties have an influence on population health and health equity. The assumption is that this influence is negative, but mediated by political system characteristics. Starting from the authors’ premise that the positions of PRR parties on welfare policies are a good proxy for health outcomes, we build on political science literature to suggest further avenues for research. The equivocal relationship between political parties and the ownership of specific healthcare, health insurance and public health issues invites studies that break down party positions relating to different health policy issues. As policy-makers use social representations of target populations to make policy decisions and anticipate the feedback these decisions might generate, it is worth studying how PRR parties influence societal, institutional and partisan perceptions of deserving and undeserving populations, even when they are not in government.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3897_3b7210d6948a54dce5cc4dd93fe90b4a.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Who Deserves Welfare and Who Does Not?; Comment on “A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe” 594 597 3911 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.174 EN Jasper Muis Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Journal Article 2020 07 08 To what extent has the rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties in Europe affected welfare policies? Based on a scoping review of studies that address the relationship between PRR parties and welfare policy, Chiara Rinaldi and Marleen Bekker conclude that, due to their welfare chauvinistic positions, the participation of PRR parties in government coalitions is likely to have negative effects on the access to welfare provisions and health of vulnerable population groups. This short commentary reflects on this review article and critically examines its conclusion. It suggests some conceptual clarifications, raises some reservations about the review’s main claim, and provides some follow-up questions.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3911_34b0c6c06367cb2fc5e20b6ea209ad6c.pdf

Kerman University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2322-5939 10 9 2021 09 01 Taking the Relationship Between Populism and Healthcare Seriously: A Call for Empirical Analysis Rather Than Moral Condemnation; Comment on “A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe” 598 601 3915 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.180 EN Martijn Felder Health Care Governance, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 0000-0003-4906-9933 Iris Wallenburg Health Care Governance, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Syb Kuijper Health Care Governance, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Roland Bal Health Care Governance, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Journal Article 2020 08 28 In this commentary, we reflect on Rinaldi and Bekker’s scoping review of the literature on populist radical right (PRR) parties and welfare policies. We argue that their review provides political scientists and healthcare scholars with a firm basis to further explore the relationships between populism and welfare policies in different political systems. In line with the authors, we furthermore (re)emphasize the need for additional empirical inquiries into the relationship between populism and healthcare. But instead of expanding the research agenda suggested – for instance by adding categories or niches in which this relationship can be observed – we would like to challenge some of the premises of the studies conducted and reviewed thus far. We do so by identifying two concerns and by illustrating these concerns with two examples from the Netherlands.

https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3915_f50e258a92780678ea947b365a620476.pdf