Scholarly Publications and Opinions Through 366- Day War on Gaza (2023-2024): A Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia

2 Medical Intensive Care Unit, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia

3 Research Laboratory “Heart Failure”, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia

4 Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

5 Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine - Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine

6 Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia

Abstract

Background 
The 2023-2024 Gaza Genocide has generated notable scholarly discourse, influenced by various historical, political, and social contexts. These academic writings, rooted in the longstanding “war of words,” illustrate how language serves as a potent weapon in conflicts. The present study aimed to analyze the academic response to the 2023-2024 War on Gaza, focusing on the different perspectives, opinions, and lexical choices in scholarly articles.
 
Methods 
A scoping review and bibliometric analysis were conducted on articles from PubMed, pertaining to the 2023- 2024 War on Gaza, spanning from October 7, 2023, to October 7, 2024. PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines were used. Individual relevant papers’ data were systematically extracted using a pre-tested form. Articles were categorized based on their stances as pro-Gaza, pro-Israel, or Neutral. Statistical analyses compared the bibliometric data of pro-Gaza and pro-Israel papers, identifying significant associated lexical fields. Factors explaining the different stances were uncovered.
 
Results 
Out of 640 articles identified, 221 were included in the review. Among these, 126 (57%), pro-Gaza, 70 (31.7%), pro-Israel, and 25 (11.3%), Neutral. Pro-Gaza papers, often published in high-ranked journals with global affiliations, focused on humanitarian issues, called for a ceasefire and decried the genocide. Conversely, pro-Israel papers, often from local journals and affiliated with Israeli institutions, focused on political and psychosocial aspects, emphasizing selfdefense narratives. Terms independently associated with pro-Gaza positions included “Gaza” in the title, “occupation,” “genocide,” “punishment,” and “ceasefire.” Pro-Israel papers featured “Israel” in the title, references to “October 7,” and mentions of “Hamas.”
 
Conclusion 
This study highlights that academic narratives are profoundly influenced by historical contexts, media portrayal, official discourses, and the authors’ socio-political environments. These findings underscore the intricate connection between scholarly discourse and the broader context of chronic occupation, revealing significant limitations in current global health strategies and highlighting the need to integrate humanitarian crises into these frameworks.

Keywords


  1. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Reported Impact Snapshot. Gaza Strip (16 October 2024). http://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-16-october-2024. Published October 16, 2024. Accessed October 19, 2024.
  2. Dyer E. Israel’s Gaza Bombing Campaign is the Most Destructive of This Century, Analysts Say. CBC News; 2023. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/israel-gaza-bombing-hamas-civilian-casualties-1.7068647. Accessed July 23, 2024.
  3. United Nations. Gaza is ‘Running Out of Time’ UN Experts Warn, Demanding a Ceasefire to Prevent Genocide. Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/gaza-is-running-out-of-time-un-experts-warn-demanding-a-ceasefire-to-prevent-genocide/. Accessed July 22, 2024.
  4. United Nations. Gaza: UN Experts Decry Bombing of Hospitals and Schools as Crimes Against Humanity, Call for Prevention of Genocide. Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/gaza-un-experts-decry-bombing-of-hospitals-and-schools-as-crimes-against-humanity-call-for-prevention-of-genocide/. Accessed July 22, 2024.
  5. Human Rights Watch. Gaza: Israel's 'Open-Air Prison' at 15. 2022. https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/14/gaza-israels-open-air-prison-15. Accessed July 22, 2024.
  6. Bird SM. Threat level in the Gaza Strip: fatalities per 1000 person-years. Lancet. 2024;403(10432):1139-1140. doi:1016/s0140-6736(24)00402-1
  7. Asi Y, Mills D, Greenough PG, et al. 'Nowhere and no one is safe': spatial analysis of damage to critical civilian infrastructure in the Gaza Strip during the first phase of the Israeli military campaign, 7 October to 22 November 2023. Confl Health. 2024;18(1):24. doi:1186/s13031-024-00580-x
  8. Mahase E. Gaza: children dying of starvation as UN food trucks turned away, say aid organisations. BMJ. 2024;384:q619. doi:1136/bmj.q619
  9. Balkhy H. As sickness, hunger, and disease spread, Gaza's health system faces increasing threats. BMJ. 2024;384:q519. doi:1136/bmj.q519
  10. Sawalmeh J. The meagre flow of aid into Gaza is creating a deadly health crisis for Palestinians. BMJ. 2024;385:q1390. doi:1136/bmj.q1390
  11. Poole DN, Andersen D, Raymond NA, et al. Damage to medical complexes in the Israel-Hamas war: a geospatial analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2024;9(2):e014768. doi:1136/bmjgh-2023-014768
  12. Shekhani S, Jafarey A. Amid explosions in Gaza, the silence from the bioethics community is deafening. J Bioeth Inq. 2024. doi:1007/s11673-024-10364-w
  13. Ben Saad H, Dergaa I. Public health in peril: assessing the impact of ongoing conflict in Gaza Strip (Palestine) and advocating immediate action to halt atrocities. N Asian J Med. 2023;1(2):1-6. doi:61186/najm.1.2.1
  14. Saad HB, Ghorbel IB, Saad SB, et al. Gaza Genocide: Breaking the silence. Tunisie Medicale. 2023;101(11):787-788.
  15. Mahase E. Gaza: BMA calls for urgent investigation into mistreatment of doctors. BMJ. 2024;384:q658. doi:1136/bmj.q658
  16. Abudayya A, Abu Ghali K, Hargreaves S, et al. An urgent call to save and protect lives of vulnerable populations in the Gaza Strip. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023;35:100767. doi:1016/j.lanepe.2023.100767
  17. Elessi K. Save Gaza residents from imminent catastrophe. Lancet. 2023;402(10412):1522-1523. doi:1016/s0140-6736(23)02299-7
  18. Al-Jadba G, Zeidan W, Spiegel PB, Shaer T, Najjar S, Seita A. UNRWA at the frontlines: managing health care in Gaza during catastrophe. Lancet. 2024;403(10428):723-726. doi:1016/s0140-6736(24)00230-7
  19. Adler NR, Chait-Rubinek L, Grant-Kels JM. International humanitarian law in the Israeli-Gaza conflict. JAMA. 2024;331(15):1327-1328. doi:1001/jama.2024.4438
  20. Hammad I, Huneidi S. The Uses and Abuses of Language in Israel’s War on Palestinians. The Nation; 2023. https://www.thenation.com/article/world/language-israel-gaza-palestine/. Accessed December 12, 2024.
  21. Qawariq R. Critical Language Analysis of Palestinian and Israeli Online Newspapers and News Websites During the 2014 Gaza War. 2016. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Critical-language-analysis-of-Palestinian-and-and-Qawariq/4ea94a75bcd39b3571eae56ea076fcfa78f448ba. Accessed July 24, 2024.
  22. Qawariq R. Political and Ideological tensions in Palestine: a critical language analysis of news reporting of the 2014 Gaza war. Connections: A Journal of Language, Media and Culture. 2020;1(1):68-78. doi:29173/connections21
  23. Rabinovich I. The Israeli-Palestinian war of narratives: Nur Masalha's Palestine: a four thousand year history in context. Bustan: The Middle East Book Review. 2021;12(2):129-149. doi:5325/bustan.12.2.0129
  24. Hammad I. Acts of Language. The New York Review of Books. https://archive.is/iyfT8. Published June 13, 2024. Accessed December 12, 2024.
  25. Barakat R. Writing/righting Palestine studies: settler colonialism, indigenous sovereignty and resisting the ghost(s) of history. Settl Colon Stud. 2018;8(3):349-363. doi:1080/2201473x.2017.1300048
  26. Walker AC, Turpin MH, Meyers EA, Stolz JA, Fugelsang JA, Koehler DJ. Controlling the narrative: euphemistic language affects judgments of actions while avoiding perceptions of dishonesty. Cognition. 2021;211:104633. doi:1016/j.cognition.2021.104633
  27. Pappé I. The 1948 ethnic cleansing of Palestine. J Palest Stud. 2006;36(1):6-20. doi:1525/jps.2006.36.1.6
  28. Hanbali L, Kwong EJL, Neilson A, Smith J, Hafez S, Khoury R. Israeli necropolitics and the pursuit of health justice in Palestine. BMJ Glob Health. 2024;9(2):e014942. doi:1136/bmjgh-2023-014942
  29. Berkovitch L, Dehaene S. Subliminal syntactic priming. Cogn Psychol. 2019;109:26-46. doi:1016/j.cogpsych.2018.12.001
  30. Altun M. The power of language: exploring its significance in shaping perceptions, beliefs, and relationships. Int J Soc Sci Educ Stud. 2023;10(3):362-366. doi:23918/ijsses.v10i3p362
  31. Kohrt BA, Mistry AS, Anand N, Beecroft B, Nuwayhid I. Health research in humanitarian crises: an urgent global imperative. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(6):e001870. doi:1136/bmjgh-2019-001870
  32. Lu Z. PubMed and beyond: a survey of web tools for searching biomedical literature. Database (Oxford). 2011;2011:baq036. doi:1093/database/baq036
  33. https://access.clarivate.com/login?app=jcr&referrer=target%3Dhttps:%2F%2Fjcr.clarivate.com%2Fjcr%2Fhome)%20and%20SCImago%20Journal%20Rank%20indicator%20(https:%2F%2Fwww.scimagojr.com%2F&alternative=true&shibShireURL=https:%2F%2Flogin.incites.clarivate.com%2F%3FDestApp%3DIC2JCR%26amp;auth%3DShibboleth&shibReturnURL=https:%2F%2Flogin.incites.clarivate.com%2F&[email protected]. Accessed July 30, 2024.
  34. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Occupied Palestinian Territory. http://www.ochaopt.org/updates. Accessed October 19, 2024.
  35. Gaza Hostilities 2023/2024 - Emergency Situation Reports. WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. http://www.emro.who.int/opt/information-resources/emergency-situation-reports.html. Accessed October 19, 2024.
  36. Mahase E. Gaza: Muslim doctors in UK feel censored and targeted for expressing concern over humanitarian crisis. BMJ. 2024;385:q805. doi:1136/bmj.q805
  37. Muhareb R, Wispelwey B, Gilbert M. Political censorship in academic journals sets a dangerous new precedent. The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/06/02/political-censorship-in-academic-journals-sets-a-dangerous-new-precedent/. Published June 2, 2021. Accessed March 15, 2025.
  38. Mills D, Wispelwey B, Muhareb R, Gilbert M. Structural violence in the era of a new pandemic: the case of the Gaza Strip. Lancet. 2020. doi:1016/s0140-6736(20)30730-3
  39. Hussain M. Scientific American Retracted Pro-Palestine Article Without Any Factual Errors. The Intercept; 2021. https://theintercept.com/2021/07/01/scientific-american-palestine-israel/. Accessed July 17, 2024.
  40. As Health Care Workers, We Stand in Solidarity with Palestine. Scientific American. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603002413/https:/www.scientificamerican.com/article/as-health-care-workers-we-stand-in-solidarity-with-palestine/. Published June 3, 2021. Accessed July 17, 2024.
  41. Sabbagh K. Perils of criticising Israel. BMJ. 2009;338:a2066. doi:1136/bmj.a2066
  42. Rothchild A. Ghosting Palestine: Hiding Health and Human Rights Violations. Health and Human Rights Journal; 2021. https://www.hhrjournal.org/2021/07/ghosting-palestine-hiding-health-and-human-rights-violations/. Accessed July 17, 2024.
  43. Summerfield D. Medical Complicity in Torture. Journal of Medical Ethics Blog. https://blogs.bmj.com/medical-ethics/2021/06/19/medical-complicity-in-torture/. Published June 19, 2021. Accessed July 17, 2024.
  44. Jones N. 'I'm a powder keg': ousted eLife editor on being fired in wake of Israel-Hamas remarks. Nature. 2023;623(7985):13-14. doi:1038/d41586-023-03330-w
  45. Howard S. Doctors call on GMC to publish guidance on social media posts on the Israel-Hamas war. BMJ. 2023;383:2697. doi:1136/bmj.p2697
  46. Institute for Palestine Studies. The Epistemicide of the Palestinians: Israel Destroys Pillars of Knowledge. https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/1655161. Accessed July 17, 2024.
  47. Said EW, Barsamian D. The Pen and the Sword: Conversations with David Barsamian. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press; 1994.
  48. Shezaf H. Burying the Nakba: How Israel Systematically Hides Evidence of 1948 Expulsion of Arabs. Haaretz; 2019. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-07-05/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-israel-systematically-hides-evidence-of-1948-expulsion-of-arabs/0000017f-f303-d487-abff-f3ff69de0000. Accessed July 17, 2024.
  49. Katz Y. The re-emergence of Jerusalem: new Zionist approaches in attaining political goals prior to the First World War. Polit Geogr. 1995;14(3):279-293. doi:1016/0962-6298(95)93188-o
  50. Macmillan Publishers. The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine. https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781627798556/thehundredyearswaronpalestine/. Accessed December 12, 2024.
  51. Said EW. The Question of Palestine. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group; 1992.
  52. Pappe I. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine. Oneworld Publications; 2007.
  53. Eghbariah R. Toward Nakba as a legal concept. Columbia Law Rev. 2024;124(4):887-992.
  54. Salamanca OJ, Qato M, Rabie K, Samour S. Past is present: settler colonialism in Palestine. Settl Colon Stud. 2012;2(1):1-8. doi:1080/2201473x.2012.10648823
  55. United Nations. United Nations Charter (Full Text). https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  56. UN Security Council. Resolution 242 (1967) / [Adopted by the Security Council at its 1382nd meeting], of 22 November 1967. 1968. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/90717. Accessed December 18, 2024.
  57. Pappe I. The Idea of Israel: A History of Power and Knowledge. Verso Books; 2016.
  58. International Law Commission. Sixty-Ninth Session (2017). https://legal.un.org/ilc/sessions/69/. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  59. Soni S. Gaza and international law: the global obligation to protect life and health. S Afr J Bioeth Law. 2023;16(3):80-81. doi:7196/SAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764
  60. Al Jazeera. Thousands Take Part in Pro-Palestine Protests Across the World. Israel-Palestine Conflict News. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/thousands-take-part-in-pro-palestine-protests-across-the-world. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  61. Abi-Rached JM, Reinhart E. The Palestinian challenge to US medical ethics. Lancet. 2024;403(10441):2285. doi:1016/s0140-6736(24)00877-8
  62. Albhaisi S. The impossible mission: to save and support science in Gaza. Lancet. 2024;403(10429):806. doi:1016/s0140-6736(24)00238-1
  63. Arana-Cedeño M. Hospitals, health and death in Gaza. Soc Med. 2023;16(3):155-9.
  64. Mahase E. Gaza-Israel conflict: hundreds of medics are killed or arrested after intense attacks on healthcare facilities. BMJ. 2024;384:q203. doi:1136/bmj.q203
  65. Tanous O. “You, as of now, are someone else!”: minoritization, settler colonialism, and indigenous health. J Palest Stud. 2023;52(1):68-86. doi:1080/0377919X.2023.2171806
  66. Shahid HJ, Wallace PG. The healthcare community must approach the violence in Israel and Gaza with inclusive compassion. BMJ. 2023;383:2645. doi:1136/bmj.p2645
  67. Berger M. Israel’s Hugely Controversial “Nation-State” Law, Explained. Vox; 2018. https://www.vox.com/world/2018/7/31/17623978/israel-jewish-nation-state-law-bill-explained-apartheid-netanyahu-democracy. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  68. Burker DM. Israel's nation-state law and the resulting violations of the convention on the rights of the child. Loyola University Chicago International Law Review. 2022;18(2):173-188.
  69. United Nations. Summary of the ICJ Advisory Opinion-Legal Consequences Arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Including East Jerusalem. Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/summary-of-the-icj-order-icj-19jul24/. Accessed July 25, 2024.
  70. Web-Arabic DPI. The Status of Jerusalem. Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-195301/. Accessed July 31, 2024.
  71. Amira S. The slow violence of Israeli settler-colonialism and the political ecology of ethnic cleansing in the West Bank. Settl Colon Stud. 2021;11(4):512-532. doi:1080/2201473x.2021.2007747
  72. Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. Suffocation and Isolation 17 Years of Israeli Blockade on Gaza. https://euromedmonitor.org/en/gaza. Accessed July 31, 2024.
  73. Abu-Amr Z. The Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Arab Stud Q. 1988;10(4):384-405.
  74. Hammouri S. The Palestinian People Have the Right of Resistance by All Means Available at Their Disposal. SSRN Electronic Journal; 2023. doi:2139/ssrn.4551668
  75. Web-Arabic DPI. The Question of Palestine - Study. Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-202101/. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  76. Khatib R, McKee M, Yusuf S. Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential. Lancet. 2024;404(10449):237-238. doi:1016/s0140-6736(24)01169-3
  77. United Nations. Anatomy of a Genocide - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territory Occupied Since 1967 to Human Rights Council - Advance Unedited Version (A/HRC/55/73). Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/anatomy-of-a-genocide-report-of-the-special-rapporteur-on-the-situation-of-human-rights-in-the-palestinian-territory-occupied-since-1967-to-human-rights-council-advance-unedited-version-a-hrc-55/. Accessed July 22, 2024.
  78. Hespress E. “No Electricity, Food, Water or Gas”: Israeli Defense Minister Announces Siege on Gaza Strip. HESPRESS English - Morocco News. https://en.hespress.com/72384-no-electricity-food-water-or-gas-israeli-defense-minister-announces-siege-on-gaza-strip.html. Published October 9, 2023. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  79. UN News. Security Council Hears Gaza Famine ‘Almost Inevitable’ Unless Aid is Massively Scaled Up. https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/02/1146997. Published February 27, 2024. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  80. Sah S, Dawas K. Israel is using starvation as a weapon of war in Gaza. BMJ. 2024;385:q1018. doi:1136/bmj.q1018
  81. Taylor L. Stop attacks on Gaza's hospitals, agencies plead, amid collapse of services. BMJ. 2023;383:2656. doi:1136/bmj.p2656
  82. Holail S, Saleh T, Xiao X, et al. Time-series satellite remote sensing reveals gradually increasing war damage in the Gaza Strip. Natl Sci Rev. 2024;11(9):nwae304. doi:1093/nsr/nwae304
  83. United Nations. Gaza ‘Becoming a Graveyard for Children’, Warns UN Secretary-General, Calling for Humanitarian Ceasefire - Press Release. Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/gaza-becoming-a-graveyard-for-children-warns-un-secretary-general-calling-for-humanitarian-ceasefire-press-release/. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  84. Adopting Resolution 2712 (2023), Security Council Calls for ‘Urgent and Extended’ Humanitarian Pauses in Gaza, Immediate Release of Hostages. Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15496.doc.htm. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  85. United Nations. Protection of Civilians and Enabling of Immediate Humanitarian Assistance to Palestinians in Gaza - Security Council Resolution - 2720 (2023). Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/security-council-resolution-s-res-2720-22dec2023/. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  86. UN News. Gaza: Security Council Passes Resolution Demanding ‘An Immediate Ceasefire’ During Ramadan. https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1147931. Published March 25, 2024. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  87. Ebrahim N. After Vetoing Three Prior UN Resolutions on Gaza, US Sees its Own Ceasefire Proposal Rejected. CNN; 2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/22/middleeast/us-gaza-ceasefire-proposal-veto-intl/index.html. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  88. The World Reacts to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Lawfare. https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/world-reacts-russias-invasion-ukraine. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  89. UN Security Council. Resolution 2623 (2022) / Adopted by the Security Council at its 8980th Meeting, on 27 February 2022. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3958807. Accessed December 18, 2024.
  90. The World’s Worst Humanitarian Crises: 8 to Know in 2024. Concern Worldwide. https://www.concern.net/news/worlds-worst-humanitarian-crises. Published March 28, 2024. Accessed August 1, 2024.
  91. World Health Organization. Accountability as a Driver of Health Equity. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2019. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/312282. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  92. Global Humanitarian Overview 2024 [EN/AR/FR/ES]. OCHA. https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/world/global-humanitarian-overview-2024-enarfres. Published December 11, 2023. Accessed August 1, 2024.
  93. Engebretsen E, Baker M. The rhetoric of decolonizing global health fails to address the reality of settler colonialism: Gaza as a case in point. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2024;13:8419. doi:34172/ijhpm.2024.8419
  94. Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work/sustainable-development-goals. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  95. Alkhaldi M, Coghlan R, Miller S, Basuoni AA, Tanous O, Asi YM. State accountability for the good health of Palestinians has failed: what can the global health community do next? Health Hum Rights. 2022;24(1):77-84.
  96. Spicer N, Agyepong I, Ottersen T, Jahn A, Ooms G. 'It's far too complicated': why fragmentation persists in global health. Global Health. 2020;16(1):60. doi:1186/s12992-020-00592-1
  97. McCoy D, Kapilashrami A, Kumar R, Rhule E, Khosla R. Developing an agenda for the decolonization of global health. Bull World Health Organ. 2024;102(2):130-136. doi:2471/blt.23.289949
  98. International Institute of Social Studies. Humanitarian Governance: Accountability, Advocacy, Alternatives. Erasmus University Rotterdam. https://www.iss.nl/en/research/research-projects/humanitarian-governance-accountability-advocacy-alternatives. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  99. Adhikari S, Torres I, Oele E. The way forward in decolonising global health. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(7):e982. doi:1016/s2214-109x(23)00275-9
  100. Engebretsen E, Umachandran P, Ødemark J, Greenhalgh T. In What Ways Do Cultural Contexts Influence the Knowledge Translation Process for Health Decision-Making and What Are the Implications for Policy and Practice? Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585832/. Accessed July 26, 2024.
  101. Asi YM, Hammoudeh W, Mills D, Tanous O, Wispelwey B. Reassembling the pieces: settler colonialism and the reconception of Palestinian health. Health Hum Rights. 2022;24(2):229-235.
  102. Curtice MJ, Exworthy T. FREDA: a human rights-based approach to healthcare. Psychiatrist. 2010;34(4):15015-6. doi:1192/pb.bp.108.024083
  103. Dehghan R, Smith J, Shahid HJ, Hadley D, Hopkinshaw B. Medical duty and advocacy for Palestine. Lancet. 2024;403(10424):349. doi:1016/s0140-6736(24)00012-6
  104. Keller AS. Human rights and advocacy: an integral part of medical education and practice. Virtual Mentor. 2004;6(1):virtualmentor.2004.6.1.pfor2-0401. doi:1001/virtualmentor.2004.6.1.pfor2-0401
  • Receive Date: 17 September 2024
  • Revise Date: 03 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 04 March 2025
  • First Publish Date: 08 March 2025