International Journal of Health Policy and Management

International Journal of Health Policy and Management

Reporting of Financial and Non-financial Conflicts of Interest in Systematic Reviews on Health Policy and Systems Research: A Cross Sectional Survey

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Lama Bou-Karroum 1
Maram B. Hakoum 2
Mira Z. Hammoud 3
Assem M. Khamis 4
Mounir Al-Gibbawi 5
Sanaa Badour 4, 5
Divina Justina Hasbani 5
Luciane Cruz Lopes 6
Hebah M. El-Rayess 5
Fadi El-Jardali 1, 4, 7
Gordon Guyatt 7
Elie A. Akl 2, 7, 8
1 Center for Systematic Reviews for Health Policy and Systems Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
2 Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
3 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
4 Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
5 Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
6 Pharmaceutical Science Master Course, University of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
7 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
8 Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.146
Abstract
Background
Systematic reviews are increasingly used to inform health policy-making. The conflicts of interest (COI) of the authors of systematic reviews may bias their results and influence their conclusions. This may in turn lead to misguided public policies and systems level decisions. In order to mitigate the adverse impact of COI, scientific journals require authors to disclose their COIs. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and different types of COI that authors of systematic reviews on health policy and systems research (HSPR) report.

 
Methods
We conducted a cross sectional survey. We searched the Health Systems Evidence (HSE) database of McMaster Health Forum for systematic reviews published in 2015. We extracted information regarding the characteristics of the systematic reviews and the associated COI disclosures. We conducted descriptive analyses.

 
Results
Eighty percent of systematic reviews included authors’ COI disclosures. Of the 160 systematic reviews that included COI disclosures, 15% had at least one author reporting at least one type of COI. The two most frequently reported types of COI were individual financial COI and individual scholarly COI (11% and 4% respectively). Institutional COIs were less commonly reported than individual COIs (3% and 15% respectively) and non-financial COIs were less commonly reported than financial COIs (6% and 14% respectively). Only one systematic review reported the COI disclosure by editors, and none reported disclosure by peer reviewers. All COI disclosures were in the form of a narrative statement in the main document and none in an online document.

 
Conclusion
A fifth of systematic reviews in HPSR do not include a COI disclosure statement, highlighting the need for journals to strengthen and/or better implement their COI disclosure policies. While only 15% of identified disclosure statements report any COI, it is not clear whether this indicates a low frequency of COI versus an underreporting of COI, or both.

Highlights

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Keywords
Conflict of Interest
Systematic Review
Health Policy
Health Systems
Subjects
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International Journal of Health Policy and Management
Volume 7, Issue 8
2018
Pages 711-717

  • Received Date 10 January 2017
  • Revised Date 10 October 2017
  • Accepted Date 27 December 2017
  • First Published Date 01 August 2018
  • Published Date 01 August 2018