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Hamal, M., Heiter, K., Schoenmakers, L., Smid, M., de Cock Buning, T., De Brouwere, V., Bardají, A., Nepal, C., Dieleman, M. (2019). Social Accountability in Maternal Health Services in the Far-Western Development Region in Nepal: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8(5), 280-291. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.05
Mukesh Hamal; Kalina Heiter; Lian Schoenmakers; Myonne Smid; Tjard de Cock Buning; Vincent De Brouwere; Azucena Bardají; Chiranjibi Nepal; Marjolein Dieleman. "Social Accountability in Maternal Health Services in the Far-Western Development Region in Nepal: An Exploratory Study". International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8, 5, 2019, 280-291. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.05
Hamal, M., Heiter, K., Schoenmakers, L., Smid, M., de Cock Buning, T., De Brouwere, V., Bardají, A., Nepal, C., Dieleman, M. (2019). 'Social Accountability in Maternal Health Services in the Far-Western Development Region in Nepal: An Exploratory Study', International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8(5), pp. 280-291. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.05
Hamal, M., Heiter, K., Schoenmakers, L., Smid, M., de Cock Buning, T., De Brouwere, V., Bardají, A., Nepal, C., Dieleman, M. Social Accountability in Maternal Health Services in the Far-Western Development Region in Nepal: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2019; 8(5): 280-291. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.05

Social Accountability in Maternal Health Services in the Far-Western Development Region in Nepal: An Exploratory Study

Article 4, Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2019, Page 280-291  XML PDF (1148 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.05
Authors
Mukesh Hamal orcid 1, 2, 3; Kalina Heiter1; Lian Schoenmakers1; Myonne Smid1; Tjard de Cock Buningorcid 1; Vincent De Brouwereorcid 2; Azucena Bardají3; Chiranjibi Nepal4; Marjolein Dieleman1, 5
1Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences (VU University), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2Maternal and Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
3ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
4CARE, Lalitpur, Nepal
5KIT Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract
Background
Social accountability or citizen-led accountability has been promoted in many low- and middle-income countries to improve the quality, access to and use of maternal health services. Experiences with social accountability in maternal health services in Nepal have not yet been documented. This study identifies existing social accountability structures and activities in maternal health services in two districts of Far-Western Nepal and explores their functions, implementation and gaps/challenges.
 
Methods
An exploratory study was conducted that included in-depth interviews with purposively selected policy advisors (8), healthcare officials (11), healthcare providers (12) and non-governmental staff (3); and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 54 women. Data analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis based on George’s information, dialogue and negotiation framework.
 
Results
Social accountability in maternal health existed in terms of structures such as mothers’ groups (MGs), female community health volunteers (FCHVs) and Health Facility Operation and Management Committees (HFOMCs); and activities such as social audits and community health score board (CHSB). MGs and FCHVs were perceived as trusted intermediaries, but their functioning was limited to information. HFOMCs were not fully functional. Social audits and CHSBs were implemented in limited sites and with poor participation by women. Health-sector responses were mainly found at the local level. Factors contributing to these challenges were the absence of a mandate and limited capacity, including resources.
 
Conclusion
Formal structures and activities existed for social accountability in maternal health services in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal, but there were limitations pertaining to their implementation. The main recommendations are: for clear policy mandates on the social accountability roles of MGs and FCHVs; wider implementation of social audits and CHSBs, with emphasis on the participation of women from disadvantaged groups; improved capacity of HFOMCs; and improved engagement of the health sector at all levels to listen and respond to women’s concerns.
Keywords
Social Accountability; Governance; Maternal Health; Health Services; Nepal
Main Subjects
Health System Performance
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