Smoke-Free Policies and 30-Day Mortality Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA

2 McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

3 Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

Abstract

Background 
Smoke-free policies have been shown to impact 30-day readmission rates due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among adults aged ≥65 years. However, little is known about the association between smokefree policies and 30-day mortality rates for COPD. Therefore, we investigated the association between comprehensive smoke-free policies and 30-day mortality rates for COPD.
 
Methods 
We used a cross-sectional study design and retrospectively examined risk-adjusted 30- day mortality rates for COPD across US hospitals in 1171 counties. Data were sourced from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) Program, American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Surveys, US Census Bureau Current Population Survey, and US Tobacco Control Laws Database from the American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation (ANRF). Data were averaged at the county level for years 2015-2018. Hierarchical Poisson models adjusted for differences in hospital characteristics and accounted for the clustering of hospitals within a county were used.

Results 
Our findings show a consistent association between stronger smoke-free policies and a reduction in COPD mortality. When evaluating smoke-free policy, county characteristics, and hospital characteristics individually, we found that counties with full coverage or partial coverage had a reduced incidence rate of COPD mortality compared to no coverage counties. After adjusting for the county and hospital characteristics, counties with full coverage of smoke-free policies had a reduced rate of 30-day COPD mortality (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96) compared to counties with no policy coverage.
 
Conclusion 
Comprehensive smoke-free policies are associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality following hospital admission for COPD. Partial smoke-free legislation is an insufficient preventative measure. These findings have strong implications for hospital policy- makers, suggesting that policy interventions to reduce COPD-related 30-day mortality should include implementing smoke-free policies and public health policy-makers to incentivize comprehensive smokefree policies.

Keywords

References

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International Journal of Health Policy and Management
Volume 11, Issue 9
September 2022
Pages 1695-1702

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History

  • Receive Date: 19 September 2020
  • Revise Date: 07 June 2021
  • Accept Date: 23 June 2021
  • First Publish Date: 14 July 2021

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