Broadening the Boundaries of Integrated Care in Response to Necessity: Where Are the Limits for Each Sector, and Who Should Pay for What?; Comment on “The Effect of Integrated Care After Discharge From Hospitals on Outcomes Among Korean Older Adults”

Document Type : Commentary

Author

1 MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

2 Danish Centre for Health Economics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Abstract

Impacts of integrated care interventions, particularly on utilisation and financial outcomes, can be mixed, sometimes quite disappointing when compared to expectations. Positive deviants come along occasionally, but it is extremely difficult to unpick exactly why one intervention might “work” where others have not. Choi and Yoo evaluated a programme in Korea, which appears to have increased time older patients discharged from hospital spend at home, reduced their odds of a subsequent emergency admission, and decreased total expenditure, although re-admissions increased. The programme stands out particularly in its breadth of non-traditional care activity, home-based primary care and long-term (social) care services, but also broader activities such as nutrition support (eg, meal delivery), movement assistance, lifestyle education, housekeeping, and even home repair. In this commentary, I discuss this broadening of interventions to capture more social determinants of health, ask where boundaries of each sector/ service should lie, and who should pay for what. 

Keywords


  1. Damery S, Flanagan S, Combes G. Does integrated care reduce hospital activity for patients with chronic diseases? An umbrella review of systematic reviews. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e011952. doi:1136/bmjopen-2016-011952
  2. Baxter S, Johnson M, Chambers D, Sutton A, Goyder E, Booth A. The effects of integrated care: a systematic review of UK and international evidence. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):350. doi:1186/s12913-018-3161-3
  3. Choi JW, Yoo AJ. The effect of integrated care after discharge from hospitals on outcomes among Korean older adults. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2024;13:7997. doi:34172/ijhpm.2023.7997
  4. Stokes J, Shah V, Goldzahl L, Kristensen SR, Sutton M. Does prevention-focused integration lead to the triple aim? An evaluation of two new care models in England. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2021;26(2):125-132. doi:1177/1355819620963500
  5. Stokes J, Riste L, Cheraghi-Sohi S. Targeting the 'right' patients for integrated care: stakeholder perspectives from a qualitative study. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2018;23(4):243-251. doi:1177/1355819618788100
  6. McGovern L, Miller G, Hughes-Cromwick P. The relative contribution of multiple determinants to health. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014. doi:1377/hpb20140821.404487
  7. Wang H, Zhao E, Fleming J, Dening T, Khaw KT, Brayne C. Is loneliness associated with increased health and social care utilisation in the oldest old? Findings from a population-based longitudinal study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(5):e024645. doi:1136/bmjopen-2018-024645
  8. Yasmin S. South Korea Becomes ‘Super-Aged’ Society as Demographic Crisis Deepens. The Independent; 2024. https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/east-asia/south-korea-super-aged-society-demographic-crisis-b2670032.html. Accessed March 13, 2025.
  9. NHS England. 2023-25 NHS Payment Scheme (Amended). 2024. https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/2023-25-nhs-payment-scheme/#heading-2. Accessed March 13, 2025.

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 07 April 2025
  • Receive Date: 13 March 2025
  • Revise Date: 04 April 2025
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2025
  • First Publish Date: 07 April 2025